The Enlightenment had repercussions on many periods of literature, right up to the present day. Francoise de Graffigny shares the criticism of the accusers of the horrors of colonialism, echoes of which can still be found in Giraudoux. Stedhal, Mérimée and Tourguéniev took a keen interest in Voltaire, Montesquieu and their contemporaries and their accusations of despotism and the oppression of freedom.