Research on Diabetes I

Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of mechanisms underlying glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells highlighting the role of mitochondria. It presents a novel way to further explore possible involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in beta cell glucolipotoxicity.

Chapter 2 discusses acute pancreatitis, which has often a biliary pathogenesis. The in-depth knowledge of the relationship between these diabetes and acute pancreatitis can encourage an effective prevention and also a better therapeutics stage management.

Chapter 3 addresses the key points of occurrence, pathophysiology of type-II diabetes in morbid obesity and treatment options focusing mainly on bariatric surgery and its mechanism of action and outcomes in obese diabetic individuals.

Chapter 4 discusses the possible causes that produce podocytopenia and how the loss of podocytes can alter the glomerular filtration barrier structural organization and consequently, contribute to proteinuria in DN.

Chapter 5 focuses on the physiologic roles of leptin and ghrelin in energy homeostasis and how "H. pylori" colonization as well as eradication affects these functions in the context of metabolic regulation.

Chapter 6 discusses connexin and pannexin proteins. Membrane channels formed by connexin (gap junction intercellular channels and hemichannels) and pannexin proteins play a central role in the control and coordination of vasomotor tone in the microcirculation. Connexin- and/or pannexin-mediated signaling in the vessel wall is altered or reduced in diabetes, which contributes to the vascular dysfunction typically observed during the development of this disease.

In Chapter 7, protein energy profiling is used as a methodology to analyze and discuss energetic discrepancies and destabilizations observed in structure models of membrane proteins involved in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Chapter 8 describes the development and utilization of an adult model of type I diabetes mellitus. This model is unique in that it allows for efficient dissection of the molecular pathways underlying the persistence of diabetic complications.

Chapter 9 discusses issues related to medical management of pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease. Therapeutic options for inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy are limited due to the concerns for the safety of fetus, despite great advances in medical treatments.

Chapter 10 describes the complicated skin and skin-structure infections (emphasizing foot infections) found in diabetics, and the bacteria that are most commonly isolated from these infections.

Chapter 11 describes the main animal models used in diabetes research studies and their most important metabolic characteristics, pathology and methods of induction. Their differences and similarities to the human condition are presented in the aim to assist researchers in selecting the most appropriate model for their study.

Chapter 12 summarizes current knowledge on genetic and nutritional animal models to study NASH. As many animal models of NASH have been developed to date, advantages and disadvantages are described.

Chapter 13 discusses how hydrogen-rich water can inhibit the production of certain compounds in the kidney and the prevention of the development of renal damage in SHR.Cg-"Lepr"cp/NDmcr rat, a model of metabolic syndrome.

Chapter 14 summarizes overall technologies for {\itshape in vivo} imaging of mouse pancreas, and focused on bioluminescence imaging of the pancreas using transgenic mice carrying luciferase gene drived by the promoter of insulin or bone morphogenetic protein genes.

Chapter 15 provides data supporting the importance of autophagy lysosomal pathway in triacylglycerol degradation in the liver.