Revolution and Its Past: Identities and Change in Modern Chinese History
Autor R. Keith Schoppaen Limba Engleză Paperback – 28 feb 2010
Unlike other texts on modern Chinese history, which tend to be either encyclopedic or too pedantic, Revolution and Its Past : Identities and Change in Modern Chinese History, 3/e, is comprehensive but concise, focused on the most recent scholarship, and written in a style that engages students from beginning to end. The Third Edition uses the theme of identities--of the nation itself and of the Chinese people--to probe the vast changes that have swept over China from late imperial times to the early twenty-first century. In so doing, it explores the range of identities that China has chosen over time and those that outsiders have attributed to China and its people, showing how, as China rapidly modernizes, the issue of Chinese identity in the modern world looms large.
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9780205726912
ISBN-10: 0205726917
Pagini: 481
Dimensiuni: 177 x 230 x 22 mm
Greutate: 0.63 kg
Ediția:00003Nouă
Editura: Prentice Hall
Locul publicării:Upper Saddle River, United States
ISBN-10: 0205726917
Pagini: 481
Dimensiuni: 177 x 230 x 22 mm
Greutate: 0.63 kg
Ediția:00003Nouă
Editura: Prentice Hall
Locul publicării:Upper Saddle River, United States
Cuprins
Preface
Notes on Pronunciation
List of Maps
Part 1: From the Heights to the Depths: Challenges to Traditional Chinese Identities, 1780—1901
Chapter 1: IDENTITIES
History and Identity
Associational Identities: Lineages and Families
Associational Identities: Social Connections
Associational Identities: Relations to the “Other”
Spatial Identities: Native Place
Spatial Identities: Village and Marketing Communities
Spatial Identities: Macroregions and Provinces
Chapter 2: CHINESE AND MANCHUS
Patterns in Early Qing
Preserving a Manchu Identity
Buying Into Chinese Culture
Dealing with the Other
Identity and Change: The Qianlong Emperor in the Late Eighteenth Century
Identity Crisis
Emerging Problems
The Daoguang Emperor
Chapter 3: THE OPIUM WAR AND THE TREATY SYSTEM: CHALLENGES TO CHINESE IDENTITY
The Early Western Role
China and the West: Mutual Perceptions
Opium: The Problem and the War
The Unequal Treaty System and Its Impact on Chinese Identity
The Missionary and Cultural Imperialism
Chapter 4: AN AGE OF REBELLION: DEFIANCE OF AND COMMITMENTS TO TRADITIONAL CHINESE IDENTITIES
Traditional Rebellions
The Taiping War (1851—1864): Attempting to Revolutionize Identity
Guerrilla Warfare: The Nian Rebellion (1853—1868)
Muslims versus Chinese: Clashes in Ethnic Identity
Chapter 5: THE POWER OF TRADITIONAL CULTURAL IDENTITY: CHINESE REACTIONS TO CONTINUING THREATS
Unwilling to Change (Or Holding to that Old-Time Identity)
Self-Strengthening
The Loss of Tributary States: Ryukyu Islands, Korea, and Vietnam
The War with France and the Impact of Self-Strengthening
Identity and Perception: The Roles of the Empress Dowager
Chapter 6: THE DEVASTATING NINETIES: DESTROYING TRADITIONAL IDENTITIES
Ideology for Change: Kang Youwei’s Intellectual Bomb
Political and Cultural Earthquake: Defeat by the “Dwarf People”
A New Phase of Imperialism: Carving the Melon
The Reform Movement and the Hundred Days: Clashing Identities
The Boxer Catastrophe: Which Identity Now?
Part 2: “No Checking the Tides of Change”: Reconstructing Social, Cultural, and Political Identity, 1901—1928
Chapter 7: Revolutionaries: Manchu and Anti-Manchu
The Stirrings of a New China in Macroregional Cores
The Manchu Reform Movement: Education
The Manchu Reform Movement: Military Change
The Manchu Reform Movement: Constitutionalism
The Anti-Manchu Revolutionary Movement
The 1911 Revolution
Chapter 8: SELECTING IDENTITIES: THE EARLY REPUBLIC
Legacies of the Revolution
The Presidency of Yuan Shikai
Capitalists to the Fore
The Power of the Gun
China Totters on the World Stage
Chapter 9: CONSTRUCTING A NEW CULTURAL IDENTITY: THE MAY FOURTH MOVEMENT
The New Culture Movement: “Down with Confucius and Sons”
Language and Laboratories for a New Culture
The May Fourth Incident and Its Aftermath
Political Change First; Cultural Change Will Follow
Cultural Change First; Political Change Will Follow
Neotraditionalism
The Historical Significance of the May Fourth Movement
Chapter 10: DRAWING THE SWORD OF OPPOSITION: IDENTITY INCREASINGLY POLITICIZED
The Birth of the Chinese Communist Party
Giving the Guomindang a New Identity
Things Fall Apart: Sun’s Death and the May 30th Movement
The Beginning of Mass Mobilization
The Emergence of Chiang Kai-shek and the Northern Expedition
Part 3: Revolution and Identity: Social Revolution and the Power of Tradition, 1928—1960
Chapter 11: REVOLUTION IN RETREAT: THE NANJING DECADE
Chiang Kai-shek
Military Power, Party Factionalism, and Residual Warlordism
Secrets of Chiang’s Ability to Retain Power
Chiang’s Record
Chapter 12: REVOLUTION REBORN: THE COMMUNISTS IN THE 1930s
The Party: “So Widely Scattered and So Badly Mauled”
Finding Its Way: The Party’s Factions
The Jiangxi Soviet
The Other Soviets
The Long March
Building the Base at Yan’an
Chapter 13: A RISING CLASH OF NATIONAL IDENTITIES: CHINA AND JAPAN, THE 1920s AND 1930s
A Case of Mistaken Identity
Japanese Aggression Turns Manchuria into Manchukuo
Japanese Aggression on the March
The Xi’an Incident
Marco Polo Bridge
Chapter 14: THE SINO—JAPANESE WAR, 1937—1945
The War’s General Course: An Overview
The Exodus
Soldiers and the Military
Collaboration
Wartime Propaganda
The United States and China in Wartime: Rough Sledding
The Communists in Yan’an, 1942—1945
Wartime Guomindang China
Chapter 15: TOWARD DAYBREAK: STRUGGLING FOR CHINA’S IDENTITY, 1945—1949
The Situation at War’s End
Economic Suicide
Political Disaster
Military Struggle
Did Chiang Lose the War or Did Mao Win the War?
Japan’s Colony, Taiwan
Guomindang Relations with the Taiwanese: February 1947 and Its Impact
Chapter 16: PATHS TO THE FUTURE
The Structure of the Communist Party-State
The East Is Red: The Hallmarks of the Communist Revolution
At War with the United Nations: The Korean War
The First Five-Year Plan (1953—1957)
The Taiwan Model: Authoritarianism and Reform
The Taiwan “Miracle”
Chapter 17: COMING UNGLUED
“Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom!” (Then Cut Them Down)
The Great Leap Forward (and Backward)
The Worst Famine in History
The Sino—Soviet Split
Crack-Up
Part 4: From “Politics in Command” to the Glory of Getting Rich: Contemporary Change and Identity, 1961—2009
Chapter 18: DEATH DANCE: THE GREAT PROLETARIAN CULTURAL REVOLUTION
Why?
The Violently Radical Red Guard Phase, 1966—1969
The Mystery of Lin Biao
The Year of the Dragon
Mao in Retrospect
Chapter 19: ECONOMICS IN COMMAND: THE END OF COMMUNISM AND THE FLOURISHING OF “MARKET SOCIALISM”
Socialism with a Chinese Face
Opening the Window to the World
The Expansion of Economic Reforms, 1990-2009
Government Action in Dealing with Impacts of Reform
Chapter 20: “ONE WORLD, ONE DREAM”: CHINA’S NEW WORLD
Political Authoritarianism
Nationalism and International Relations
2008: Achievements and Problems
Chapter 21: A QUESTION OF IDENTITY: THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON TAIWAN SINCE THE 1970s
Birth of a Democracy
The Issue: The Relationship with the PRC
From Economic Miracle to Economic Problems
Diplomacy: Seeking Respect
Society in Flux
A Question of Identity
Epilogue: The Issue of Human Rights
Notes
Pronunciation Guide
Index
Credits
Notes on Pronunciation
List of Maps
Part 1: From the Heights to the Depths: Challenges to Traditional Chinese Identities, 1780—1901
Chapter 1: IDENTITIES
History and Identity
Associational Identities: Lineages and Families
Associational Identities: Social Connections
Associational Identities: Relations to the “Other”
Spatial Identities: Native Place
Spatial Identities: Village and Marketing Communities
Spatial Identities: Macroregions and Provinces
Chapter 2: CHINESE AND MANCHUS
Patterns in Early Qing
Preserving a Manchu Identity
Buying Into Chinese Culture
Dealing with the Other
Identity and Change: The Qianlong Emperor in the Late Eighteenth Century
Identity Crisis
Emerging Problems
The Daoguang Emperor
Chapter 3: THE OPIUM WAR AND THE TREATY SYSTEM: CHALLENGES TO CHINESE IDENTITY
The Early Western Role
China and the West: Mutual Perceptions
Opium: The Problem and the War
The Unequal Treaty System and Its Impact on Chinese Identity
The Missionary and Cultural Imperialism
Chapter 4: AN AGE OF REBELLION: DEFIANCE OF AND COMMITMENTS TO TRADITIONAL CHINESE IDENTITIES
Traditional Rebellions
The Taiping War (1851—1864): Attempting to Revolutionize Identity
Guerrilla Warfare: The Nian Rebellion (1853—1868)
Muslims versus Chinese: Clashes in Ethnic Identity
Chapter 5: THE POWER OF TRADITIONAL CULTURAL IDENTITY: CHINESE REACTIONS TO CONTINUING THREATS
Unwilling to Change (Or Holding to that Old-Time Identity)
Self-Strengthening
The Loss of Tributary States: Ryukyu Islands, Korea, and Vietnam
The War with France and the Impact of Self-Strengthening
Identity and Perception: The Roles of the Empress Dowager
Chapter 6: THE DEVASTATING NINETIES: DESTROYING TRADITIONAL IDENTITIES
Ideology for Change: Kang Youwei’s Intellectual Bomb
Political and Cultural Earthquake: Defeat by the “Dwarf People”
A New Phase of Imperialism: Carving the Melon
The Reform Movement and the Hundred Days: Clashing Identities
The Boxer Catastrophe: Which Identity Now?
Part 2: “No Checking the Tides of Change”: Reconstructing Social, Cultural, and Political Identity, 1901—1928
Chapter 7: Revolutionaries: Manchu and Anti-Manchu
The Stirrings of a New China in Macroregional Cores
The Manchu Reform Movement: Education
The Manchu Reform Movement: Military Change
The Manchu Reform Movement: Constitutionalism
The Anti-Manchu Revolutionary Movement
The 1911 Revolution
Chapter 8: SELECTING IDENTITIES: THE EARLY REPUBLIC
Legacies of the Revolution
The Presidency of Yuan Shikai
Capitalists to the Fore
The Power of the Gun
China Totters on the World Stage
Chapter 9: CONSTRUCTING A NEW CULTURAL IDENTITY: THE MAY FOURTH MOVEMENT
The New Culture Movement: “Down with Confucius and Sons”
Language and Laboratories for a New Culture
The May Fourth Incident and Its Aftermath
Political Change First; Cultural Change Will Follow
Cultural Change First; Political Change Will Follow
Neotraditionalism
The Historical Significance of the May Fourth Movement
Chapter 10: DRAWING THE SWORD OF OPPOSITION: IDENTITY INCREASINGLY POLITICIZED
The Birth of the Chinese Communist Party
Giving the Guomindang a New Identity
Things Fall Apart: Sun’s Death and the May 30th Movement
The Beginning of Mass Mobilization
The Emergence of Chiang Kai-shek and the Northern Expedition
Part 3: Revolution and Identity: Social Revolution and the Power of Tradition, 1928—1960
Chapter 11: REVOLUTION IN RETREAT: THE NANJING DECADE
Chiang Kai-shek
Military Power, Party Factionalism, and Residual Warlordism
Secrets of Chiang’s Ability to Retain Power
Chiang’s Record
Chapter 12: REVOLUTION REBORN: THE COMMUNISTS IN THE 1930s
The Party: “So Widely Scattered and So Badly Mauled”
Finding Its Way: The Party’s Factions
The Jiangxi Soviet
The Other Soviets
The Long March
Building the Base at Yan’an
Chapter 13: A RISING CLASH OF NATIONAL IDENTITIES: CHINA AND JAPAN, THE 1920s AND 1930s
A Case of Mistaken Identity
Japanese Aggression Turns Manchuria into Manchukuo
Japanese Aggression on the March
The Xi’an Incident
Marco Polo Bridge
Chapter 14: THE SINO—JAPANESE WAR, 1937—1945
The War’s General Course: An Overview
The Exodus
Soldiers and the Military
Collaboration
Wartime Propaganda
The United States and China in Wartime: Rough Sledding
The Communists in Yan’an, 1942—1945
Wartime Guomindang China
Chapter 15: TOWARD DAYBREAK: STRUGGLING FOR CHINA’S IDENTITY, 1945—1949
The Situation at War’s End
Economic Suicide
Political Disaster
Military Struggle
Did Chiang Lose the War or Did Mao Win the War?
Japan’s Colony, Taiwan
Guomindang Relations with the Taiwanese: February 1947 and Its Impact
Chapter 16: PATHS TO THE FUTURE
The Structure of the Communist Party-State
The East Is Red: The Hallmarks of the Communist Revolution
At War with the United Nations: The Korean War
The First Five-Year Plan (1953—1957)
The Taiwan Model: Authoritarianism and Reform
The Taiwan “Miracle”
Chapter 17: COMING UNGLUED
“Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom!” (Then Cut Them Down)
The Great Leap Forward (and Backward)
The Worst Famine in History
The Sino—Soviet Split
Crack-Up
Part 4: From “Politics in Command” to the Glory of Getting Rich: Contemporary Change and Identity, 1961—2009
Chapter 18: DEATH DANCE: THE GREAT PROLETARIAN CULTURAL REVOLUTION
Why?
The Violently Radical Red Guard Phase, 1966—1969
The Mystery of Lin Biao
The Year of the Dragon
Mao in Retrospect
Chapter 19: ECONOMICS IN COMMAND: THE END OF COMMUNISM AND THE FLOURISHING OF “MARKET SOCIALISM”
Socialism with a Chinese Face
Opening the Window to the World
The Expansion of Economic Reforms, 1990-2009
Government Action in Dealing with Impacts of Reform
Chapter 20: “ONE WORLD, ONE DREAM”: CHINA’S NEW WORLD
Political Authoritarianism
Nationalism and International Relations
2008: Achievements and Problems
Chapter 21: A QUESTION OF IDENTITY: THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON TAIWAN SINCE THE 1970s
Birth of a Democracy
The Issue: The Relationship with the PRC
From Economic Miracle to Economic Problems
Diplomacy: Seeking Respect
Society in Flux
A Question of Identity
Epilogue: The Issue of Human Rights
Notes
Pronunciation Guide
Index
Credits
Notă biografică
R. Keith Schoppa, Loyola College in Maryland
Textul de pe ultima copertă
- Chapter 2 has been substantially reorganized to explore more fully the “genius” of the Chinese imperial system that gave rise to the wealth and power of the Chinese state in the mid-to-late eighteenth century and to its admiration and acclaim in the West at the time.
- Chapters 19 and 20 have been completely reorganized in response to readers’ suggestions:
- Chapter 19 now focuses on the economic reforms since 1980 and their many social, economic, political, cultural, and environmental ramifications, allowing students to concentrate on the economic changes of the reform period rather than mixing these changes with other developments chronologically in two chapters as the second edition had done.
- Chapter 20 analyzes the political, diplomatic, and cultural developments of the reform period, with special focus on the 2008 summer Olympic Games in Beijing, the spectacular success of which marked a milestone in China’s international reputation.
- Reflects the most recent scholarship throughout the text.
Caracteristici
- A dramatic story—Breathes life into the story of modern China by casting it as a story of men and women whose choices shaped modern Chinese history in what often turned out to be startling directions. Presents it as a story filled with some triumphs but also with tragedy--a tale that is often bloody and violent, alternately soaring with hope and plunging into bleak despair.
- Captures and maintains students' interest in the history of an ancient civilization developing into a modern nation state as well as in how the individual “heirs of the dragon” have struggled and continue to struggle to find their identity in the modern world.
- Develops the broad theme of identity: “Heirs of the dragon” —Explores traditional identities under the “dragon” (the symbol of traditional Chinese civilization which has formidable power over today's Chinese) as well as various modern identities that recent generations have tried to adopt.
- Immediately appeals to students today for whom the concept of “identity” resonates by helping them understand what it has meant and what it means in the early twenty-first century for the Chinese to be “heirs of the dragon.”
- Addresses the question of what China is and where China is going—Helps students make sense out of the anomalies and setbacks that characterize Chinese civilization as it moves into the modern world with unprecedented speed.
- This question is crucial to readers, both as students and citizens, because, as the twenty-first century progresses, China will be a significant player in world affairs and, if we hope to deal effectively with China and its people, we must understand their past and present.
- Historical and geographical context—Uses history and geography as important backdrops for the events that are discussed--e.g., discussions of the geographical macro regions provide valuable insights throughout for the interpretation of specific Chinese developments.
- Helps students understand how local contexts and cultures are extraordinarily important for understanding the nature of the twentieth century Chinese revolution.
- A non-traditional periodization—Helps students see continuities where historians once saw only major differences. For example, rather than framing the 1911 revolution as the event that ended the monarchy, author R. Keith Schoppa argues that the reform of the Manchus in their last decade of existence shares more with post-1911 developments than with dynastic developments in the nineteenth century.
- Enables students to see new possibilities in our understanding of historical periods and the fluidity of historical “markers.”
- The “beginning” of modern China is redefined —This text presents the last two decades of the reign of one of China's greatest emperors, the Qianlong emperor (1736-1795), rather than the Opium War (1839-1842), as the beginning of the “modern” period and shows that important changes already underway in the eighteenth century foreshadowed developments in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
- Provides a baseline for understanding China's rapid decline in the nineteenth and part of the twentieth century and for better interpreting one of the most important problems facing individual Chinese as well as China as a nation during this decline and the subsequent revolution that took place.
- Treats Taiwan as a major part of the Chinese experience—Unlike other texts which treat Taiwan as a mere “footnote” in modern Chinese history, this text explores Taiwan in several chapters and focuses on it exclusively in the last chapter, where it covers developments that took place there from the 1970s to the present.
- Helps students understand the present stand-off between the island and the mainland.
- Suggestions for Further Reading—Each chapter concludes with a brief commentary by author R. Keith Schoppa on five important books that further explore some of the topics discussed within the chapter.
- Ideal for those interested in going beyond this text to pursue certain topics in greater depth.
- Phonetic Pronunciation Guide–At the end of the book is a glossary containing the names of major historical figures and key geographical locations with their Pinyin spelling and phonetic pronunciation.
- Enables students to pronounce Chinese names and to remember them.