Rheology for Chemists de J.W. Goodwin

Rheology for Chemists

J.W. Goodwin

R. W. Hughes

Rheology is primarily concerned with materials: scientific, engineering and everyday products whose mechanical behaviour cannot be described using classical theories. From biological to geological systems, the key to understanding the viscous and elastic behaviour firmly rests in the relationship between the interactions between atoms and molecules and how this controls the structure, and ultimately the physical and mechanical properties. Rheology for Chemists An Introduction takes the reader through the range of rheological ideas without the use of the complex mathematics. The book gives particular emphasis on the temporal behaviour and microstructural aspects of materials, and is detailed in scope of reference. An excellent introduction to the newer scientific areas of soft matter and complex fluid research, the second edition also refers to system dimension and the maturing of the instrumentation market. This book is a valuable resource for practitioners working in the field, and offers a comprehensive introduction for graduate and post graduates. "... well-suited for self-study by research workers and technologists, who, confronted with technical problems in this area, would like a straightforward introduction to the subject of rheology." Chemical Educator, "... full of valuable insights and up-to-date information." Chemistry World

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Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Definitions; 1.1.1 Stress and Strain; 1.1.2 Rate of Strain and Flow; 1.2 Simple Constitutive Equations; 1.2.1 Linear and Non-linear Behaviour; 1.2.2 Using Constitutive Equations; 1.3 Dimensionless Groups; 1.3.1 The Deborah Number; 1.3.2 The Péclet Number; 1.3.3 The Reduced Stress; 1.3.4 The Taylor Number, NTa; 1.3.5 The Reynolds Number, NRe; 1.4 Macromolecular and Colloidal Systems; 1.5 References; Chapter 2: Elasticity: High Deborah Number Measurements; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Liquid-Solid Transition; 2.2.1 Bulk Elasticity; 2.2.2 Wave Propagation; 2.3 Crystalline Solids At Large Strains; 2.3.1 Lattice Defects; 2.4 Macromolecular Solids; 2.4.1 Polymers - An Introduction; 2.4.2 Chain Conformation; 2.4.3 Polymer Crystallinity; 2.4.4 Crosslinked Elastomers; 2.4.5 Self-associating Polymers; 2.4.6 Non-interactive Fillers; 2.4.7 Interactive Fillers; 2.4.8 Summary of Polymeric Systems; 2.5 Colloidal Gels; 2.5.1 Interactions Between Colloidal Particles; 2.5.2 London - van der Waals' Interactions; 2.5.3 Depletion Interactions; 2.5.4 Electrostatic Repulsion; 2.5.5 Steric Repulsion; 2.5.6 Electrosteric Interactions; 2.6 References; Chapter 3: Viscosity: Low Deborah Number Measurements; 3.1 Initial Considerations; 3.2 Viscometric Measurement; 3.2.1 The Cone and Plate; 3.2.2 The Couette or Concentric Cylinder; 3.3 The Molecular Origins on Viscosity; 3.3.1 The Flow of Gases; 3.3.2 The Flow of Liquids; 3.3.3 Density and Phase Changes; 3.3.4 Free Volume Model of Liquid Flow; 3.3.5 Activation energy Models; 3.4 Superfluids; 3.5 Macromolecular Fluids; 3.5.1 Colloidal Dispersions; 3.5.2 Dilute Dispersions of Spheres; 3.5.3 Concentrated Dispersions of Spheres; 3.5.4 Shear Thickening Behaviour in Dense Suspensions; 3.5.5 Charge Stabilised Dispersions; 3.5.6 Dilute Polymer Solutions; 3.5.7 Surfactant Solutions; 3.6 References; Chapter 4: Linear Viscoelasticity I Phenomenological Approach; 4.1 Viscoelasticity; 4.2 Length and Timescales; 4.3 Mechanical Spectroscopy; 4.4 Linear Viscoelasticity; 4.4.1 Mechanical Analogues; 4.4.2 Relaxation Derived as an Analogue to 1 st Order Chemical Kinetics; 4.4.1 Oscillation Response; 4.4.2 Multiple Processes; 4.4.3 A Spectral Approach To Linear Viscoelastic Theory; 4.5 Linear Viscoelastic Experiments; 4.4.1 Relaxation; 4.4.2 Stress Growth; 4.4.3 Antthixotropic Response; 4.4.4 Creep and Recovery; 4.4.5 Strain Oscillation; 4.4.6 Stress Oscillation; 4.6 Interrelationships Between the Measurements and the Spectra; 4.6.1 The Relationship Between Compliance and Modulus; 4.6.1 Retardation and Relaxation Spectrum; 4.6.2 The Relaxation Function and the Storage and Loss Moduli; 4.6.3 Creep and Relaxation Interrelations; 4.7 Applications to the Models; 4.8 Microstructural Influences on the Kernel; 4.8.1 The Extended Exponential; 4.8.2 Power law or the Gel Equation; 4.8.3 Exact Inversions from the Relaxation or Retardation Spectrum; 4.9 Non-shearing Fields and Extension; 4.10 References; Chapter 5: Linear Viscoelasticity II. Microstructural Approach; 5.1 Intermediate Deborah Numbers; 5.2 Hard Spheres and Atomic Fluids; 5.3 Quasi-hard Spheres; 5.3.1 Quasi-hard Sphere Phase Diagrams; 5.3.2 Quasi-hard Sphere Viscoelasticity and Viscosity; 5.4 Weakly Attractive Systems; 5.5 Charge Repulsion Systems; 5.6 Simple Homopolymer systems; 5.6.1 Phase Behaviour and the Chain Overlap in Good Solvents; 5.6.2 Dilute Solution Polymers; 5.6.3 Undiluted and Concentrated Non-entangled Polymers; 5.6.4 Entanglement coupling; 5.6.5 Reptation and Linear Viscoelasticity; 5.7 Polymer Network Structure; 5.7.1 The Formation of Gels; 5.7.2 Chemical Networks; 5.7.3 Physical Networks; 5.8 References; Chapter 6: Non-Linear Responses; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 The Phenomenological Approach; 6.2.1 Flow Curve4s; Definitions and Equations; 6.2.2 Time Dependence in Flow and The Boltzmann Superposition Principle; 6.2.3 Yield Stress Sedimentation and Linearity; 6.3 The Microstructural Approach - Particles; 6.2.1 Flow in Hard Sphere Systems; 6.2.2 The Addition of a Surface Layer; 6.2.3 Aggregation and Dispersion in Shear; 6.2.4 Weakly Flocculated Dispersions; 6.2.5 Strongly Aggregated and Coagulated Systems; 6.2.6 Long Range Repulsive Systems; 6.2.7 Rod-like Particles; 6.4 The Microstructural Approach - Polymers; 6.4.1 The Role of Entanglements in Non-linear Viscoelasticity; 6.4.2 Entanglements of Solution Homopolymers; 6.4.3 The Reptation Approach; 6.5 Novel Applications; 6.5.1 Extension and Complex Flows; 6.5.2 Uniaxial Compression Modulus; 6.5.3 Deformable Particles; 6.5 References; Subject Index;

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Rheology is primarily concerned with materials: scientific, engineering and everyday products whose mechanical behaviour cannot be described using classical theories. From biological to geological systems, the key to understanding the viscous and elastic behaviour firmly rests in the relationship between the interactions between atoms and molecules and how this controls the structure, and ultimately the physical and mechanical properties. Rheology for Chemists An Introduction takes the reader through the range of rheological ideas without the use of the complex mathematics. The book gives particular emphasis on the temporal behaviour and microstructural aspects of materials, and is detailed in scope of reference. An excellent introduction to the newer scientific areas of soft matter and complex fluid research, the second edition also refers to system dimension and the maturing of the instrumentation market. This book is a valuable resource for practitioners working in the field, and offers a comprehensive introduction for graduate and post graduates. Extracts from reviews of 1st Edition: "... well-suited for self-study by research workers and technologists, who, confronted with technical problems in this area, would like a straightforward introduction to the subject of rheology." Chemical Educator, "... full of valuable insights and up-to-date information." Chemistry World

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