Ribosomes: Cellular Organelles

Historical and Fundamental Introduction.- Protein Biosynthesis.- Messenger RNA and the Genetic Code.- Transfer RNA and Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases.- Ribosomes and Translation.- Structure of the Ribosome.- Morphology of the Ribosome.- Ribosomal RNA.- Ribosomal Proteins.- Mutual Arrangement of Ribosomal RNA and Proteins (Quaternary Structure).- Function of the Ribosome.- Functional Activities and Functional Sites of the Ribosome.- Elongation Cycle, Step I: Aminoacyl-tRNA Binding.- Elongation Cycle, Step II: Transpeptidation (Peptide Bond Formation).- Elongation Cycle, Step III: Translocation.- Elongation Rates and its Modulation.- Termination of Translation.- Initiation of Translation.- Translational Control in Prokaryotes.- Translational Control in Eukaryotes.- Cotranslational Folding and Transmembrane Transport of Proteins.- Conclusion: General Principles of Ribosome Structure and Function.