Athens remained legally a free and independent city under the Roman Empire, preserving her ancient institutions and vaunting her cultural heritage to promote herself as the archetypal city of Old Greece. Yet her society underwent a fundamental transformation in the face of imperial power, as is shown most decisively by the readiness of her inhabitants to accept Roman citizenship. Drawing primarily on the complex array of available epigraphical evidence, this book presents a comprehensive catalogue of the residents of Athens whose nomenclature proclaims their Roman status, from slaves and freedmen to the holders of the highest offices. It serves both as a fully referenced prosopography of the leading families of Roman Athens complete with discussion and stemmata, and as an onomastic supplement to the author's previous work on the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names II and Foreign Residents of Athens by making readily accessible the 240 Roman nomina on record borne by some 2100 individuals. An appendix offers a reconsideration of the chronological problems of the period and a new archon list.