Nikolaj S. Trubetzkoy (1890-1938) is best known as one of the founding fathers of phonology and as a representative of the Prague School of Structuralism. Recently, however, his writings concerning cultural studies have been rediscovered. In these writings, Trubetzkoy merges his ideas on Eurasian history and the identity of Russia in a political framework, which led to the founding of the so-called 'Eurasian Movement'. In this volume, Trubetzkoy's cultural legacy is made available to the German reading public for the first time. Trubetzkoy presents himself as a committed defender of an alternative epistemology that is not based on traditional western concepts. In addition to the annotated texts and a selective bibliography, the volume contains an article by Fedor B. Poljakov, which, based on hitherto unknown archival sources, reconstructs the development of Trubetzkoy's thinking against the background of totalitarian ideologies in East and West.