S/HE: Sex & Gender in Hispanic Cultures

Hierarchies and disparities based on sex and gender have characterized nearly all hominid societies since time immemorial. Nearly without exception, those disparities have created a hierarchy of male over female. Languages reflect that. For example, in the English language, the word for the "fe/male" sex is based on the word "male;" "man" is the root for wo/man; and indeed "man" is generally considered the generic for all members of the species. Spanish, on the other hand, does differentiate "hombre" from "mujer," but the masculine is still considered the root and the generic. For the purposes of S/HE: Sex & Gender in Hispanic Worlds, sex refers to biological differences, i.e. reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics, which are perceived as oppositional yet collaborative, in the propagation of the species. Gender, on the other hand, refers to culturally-specific expectations and/or stereotypes in terms of an individual's or group's self (re)presentation and/or behaviors. The title, S/HE, is a nod to the arguably gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun from the 1960s inclusive English-language movement in the United States, which was concurrent with equal rights movements in terms of race, ethnicity, sex and gender. This book focuses on sex, and gender issues in the Hispanic world, paying homage to all who do not fit within the strict parameters of previous definitions by including broadened descriptions of identity, both biological and social, and by highlighting aspects of traditional and non-traditional lifestyles as portrayed in art and literature. [Subject: Gender Studies, Hispanic Studies, LGBTIQ, Sociology, Cultural Studies]