What is the state of school infrastructure for primary and secondary education in Paraguay? How much is invested by the government in order to improve school infrastructure and how have these investments evolved over time? What is the legal framework for such investments and is it appropriate? Given budget constraints, which types of investments are likely to be most needed in order to help improve student learning? Finally, how well targeted to the schools most in need are the infrastructure investments being made today? In order to help inform decision making by the Ministry of Education in this area, the objective of this study is to provide tentative answers to those questions on the basis of administrative budget data as well as school level data collected through a 2008 school infrastructure census. The study benefited from support from the Global Partnership for Education.