This volume of the critical complete edition of Ernst Troelsch’s works provides an edition of texts that the philosopher of culture and Protestant theologian published in the years 1903–1912. The texts included represent the enormous spectrum of Troeltsch’s theological and cultural philosophical œuvre at the beginning of the 20th century. In an intensive examination of traditional and contemporary philosophy of religion, religious studies and ethics, Troeltsch searches for a new understanding of what religion really is.