This book is the translation and the analysis of the Paglayonan manuscript of ten folios from the collections of the Newberry Library. The document is a compilation of official deeds from the Laguna town of Lil w, Philippines. They report two events that took place in the Seventeenth Century: the one concerns the genteel Paglay nan family, the other the making of an altarpiece for the church of San Juan-Bautista de Lilio by Chinese craftsmen from Sinil an, another Laguna town. Both give insights into provincial life during the Early Spanish Period. The most striking feature is that the Tagalogs who wrote these texts used the term h r , generally translated as 'king', to refer to their parish priest.