I: The ICMI Study Conference.- Discussion Document.- List of Participants.- What is the Specific Object of Study in Mathematics Education? Report of Working Group 1.- What are the Aims of Research in Mathematics Education? Report of Working Group 2.- What are the Specific Research Questions or Problématiques of Research in Mathematics Education? Report of Working Group 3.- What are the Results of Research in Mathematics Education? Report of Working Group 4.- What Criteria Should Be Used to Evaluate the Results of Research in Mathematics Education? Report of Working Group 5.- Research, Effectiveness, and the Practitioners' World.- II: Mathematics Education as a Research Discipline.- A Glance Over the Evolution of Research in Mathematics Education.- Balancing Complex Human Worlds: Mathematics Education as an Emergent Discipline in its Own Right.- A Postmodern Perspective on Research in Mathematics Education.- Mathematics Education as a 'Design Science'.- What is Mathematics Education? A Survey of Mathematics Educators in Canada.- Programs for the Education of Researchers in Mathematics Education.- III: Goals, Orientations and Results of Research in Mathematics Education.- The Aims of Research.- Aiming Research Toward Understanding: Lessons We Can Learn From Children.- Transforming the International Mathematics Education Research Agenda.- Clarifying the Meaning of Mathematical Objects as a Priority Area for Research in Mathematics Education.- Research and Results in Mathematics Education: Some Contradictory Aspects.- Models in Mathematics Education Research: A Broader View of Research Results.- Towards a Cognitive Theory of Practice.