Small-Format Aerial Photography: Principles, Techniques and Geoscience Applications
Autor James S. Aber, Irene Marzolff, Johannes Riesen Limba Engleză Paperback – 18 aug 2016
- Full-color photographs throughout
- Case studies from around the globe
- Techniques presented allow for image resolution impossible to match via traditional aerial photography or satellite datasets
- Glossary clarifies key terms
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9780444638236
ISBN-10: 0444638237
Pagini: 268
Dimensiuni: 216 x 276 mm
Greutate: 0.75 kg
Editura: ELSEVIER SCIENCE
ISBN-10: 0444638237
Pagini: 268
Dimensiuni: 216 x 276 mm
Greutate: 0.75 kg
Editura: ELSEVIER SCIENCE
Cuprins
Part I
Chapter 1: Introduction to small-format aerial photography
1-1. Overview
1-2. Brief history
1-2.1. 19th century
1-2.2. 20th century
1-3. Photography and imagery
1-4. Conventional aerial photography
1-5. Small-format aerial photography
1-6. Summary
Chapter 2: Basic principles of SFAP
2-1. Remote sensing
2-1.1. Ideal remote sensing
2-1.2. Actual SFAP
2-2. Common aspects of SFAP
2-2.1. Image vantage
2-2.2. Photographic scale and resolution
2-2.3. Relief displacement
2-2.4. Stereoscopic images
2-3. Photographic storage
2-4. Summary
Chapter 3: Photogrammetry
3-1. Introduction
3-2. Geometry of single photographs
3-2.1. Vertical photography
3-2.2. Tilted photography
3-2.3. Interior orientation
3-2.4. Exterior orientation
3-3. Geometry of stereophotographs
3-3.1. Principle of stereoscopic viewing
3-3.2. Base-height ratio and stereoscopic coverage
3-3.3. 3D measurements from stereomodels
3-3.4. Creating stereomodels with aerial triangulation by bundle-block adjustment
3-4. Quantitative analysis of photographs
3-4.1. Measuring and mapping from single photographs
3-4.2. Manual measuring and mapping from stereomodels
3-4.3. Automatic DEM extraction from stereomodels
3-5. Summary
Chapter 4: Lighting and atmospheric conditions
4-1. Introduction
4-2. Multiview-angle effects
4-3. Bidirectional reflectance distribution function
4-4. Multispectral effects
4-5. Latitude and seasonal conditions
4-6. Clouds
4-7. Shadows
4-8. Summary
Chapter 5: Photographic composition
5-1. Introduction
5-2. Basic elements of photographic composition
5-2.1. Oblique and vertical views
5-2.2. Linear features
5-2.3. Image depth
5-2.4. Pattern and texture
5-2.5. Color
5-3. Combining compositional elements
5-4. Photographs vs. human vision
5.5. Summary
Part II
Chapter 6: Cameras for SFAP
6-1. Introduction
6-2. Film camera basics
6-3. Digital camera basics
6-3.1. Types of digital cameras
6-3.2. Image sensors
6-3.3. Image file formats
6-4. Camera geometry and light
6-4.1. Focal length
6-4.2. Lens aperture
6-4.3. Shutter speed
6-4.4. Film speed or ISO rating
6-4.5. Camera exposure settings
6-4.6. Image degradation
6-5. Color-infrared photography
6-6. Camera capabilities for SFAP
6-6.1. Camera lens
6-6.2. Image sensor
6-6.3. File format
6-6.4. Camera type
6-6.5. Camera calibration
6-7. Summary
Chapter 7: Camera mounting systems
7-1. Introduction
7-2. Camera operation
7-3. Detachable mounts
7-3.1. Single-camera suspended rigs
7-3.2. Multiple-camera suspended rigs
7-3.3. Attaching suspendable mounts to a platform
7-3.4. Detactable modular unit mounts
7-4. Fixed mounts
7-5. Summary
Chapter 8: Platforms for SFAP
8-1. Introduction
8-2. Manned light-sport aircraft
8-2.1. Powered light-sport aircraft
8-2.2. Unpowered light-sport aircraft
8-3. Lighter-than-air platforms
8-3.1. Lifting gases
8-3.2. Helium blimp
8-3.3. Hot-air blimp
8-4. Kite aerial photography
8-4.1. Kites for SFAP
8-4.2. Kite-flying equipment
8-4.3. Ground operations
8-5. Drones for SFAP
8-5.1. Basic model airplane
8-5.2. Autopiloted model airplane
8-5.3. Powered paraglider
8-6. Pros and cons of different platforms
8-7. Summary
Chapter 9: SFAP survey planning and implementation
9-1. Introduction
9-2. Travel and equipment logistics
9-3. Site accessibility and characteristics
9-3.1. Local site accessibility
9-3.2. Flight obstacles
9-3.3. Local wind conditions
9-3.4. High-altitude SFAP
9-4. Ground Control
9-4.1. GCP installation
9-4.2. GCP coordinate measurement
9-5. Flight planning considerations
9-5.1. Image scale and resolution
9-5.2. Stereoscopic and large-area coverage
9-6. Flight planning example
9-6.1. Initial calculations: Complete coverage with single image
9-6.2. Revised calulations: Optimal image resolution
9-6.3. Consequences for aerial survey design
9-6.4. Ideal flightline calculation
9-7. Flight planning for oblique SFAP
9-8. Legal issues
9-8.1. German regulations
9-8.2. Regulations in the U.S. and other countries
9-8.3. Insurance
9-9. Summary
Chapter 10. Image interpretation
10-1. Introduction
10-2. Image interpretability
10-3. SFAP interpretation
10-3.1. Water and drainage
10-3.2. Geomorphology
10-3.3. Vegetation and agriculture
10-3.4. Cultural heritage and archaeology
10-3.5. Soils
10-4. Summary
Chapter 11: Image processing and analysis
11-1. Introduction
11-2. Geometric correction and georeferencing
11-2.1. Reference coordinate systems
11-2.2. Image rectification
11-2.3. Image mosaics
11-3. Image enhancement
11-3.1. Correcting lens-dependent aberrations
11-3.2. Contrast enhancement
11-3.3. Image filtering
11-4. Image transformation
11-4.1. Image ratios and vegetation indices
11-4.2. Principal components analysis and color-space transformations
11-5. Image classification
11-6. Stereoviewing and photogrammetric analysis
11-6.1. Creating simple on-screen stereoviews
11-6.2. Using printouts under a stereoscope
11-6.3. Digital stereoviewing
11-6.4. Stereoscopic measuring and mapping
11-6.5. DEM generation
11-7. Software for SFAP analysis
11-8. Summary
Part III
Chapter 12: Glacial geomorphology
12-1. Introduction
12-2. Glacial erosion
12-3. Glacial deposition
12-4. Glacial deformation
12-5. Summary
Chapter 13: Gully erosion monitoring
13-1. Introduction
13-2. Study sites and survey
13-3. Gully mapping and change analysis
13-4. Summary
Chapter 14: Wetland environments
14-1. Overview
14-2. Raised bogs, Estonia
14-2.1. Endla Nature Reserve
14-2.2. Nigula Nature Reserve
14-2.3. Discussion
14-3. Prairie marshes and playas, Kansas
14-3.1. Cheyenne Bottoms
14-3.2. Dry Lake
14-3.3. Discussion
14-4. Summary
Chapter 15: Biocontrol of salt cedar
15-1. Salt cedar problem
15-2. USBR study site
15-3. Analysis of KAP results
15-4. Summary
Chapter 16: Vegetation and erosion
16-1. Introduction
16-2. Monitoring vegetation and erosion test sites
16-3. Influence of grazing on vegetation cover
16-4. Combating desertification and soil degradation
16-5. Summary
Chapter 17: Soil mapping and soil degradation
17-1. Introduction
17-2. Soils and long-term human land use
17-3. Summary
Chapter 18: Architecture and property management
18-1. Introduction
18-2. Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri
18-3. Property management, Lake Kahola, Kansas
18-4. Summary
Chapter 19: Golf course management
19-1. Overview
19-2. Garden City, Kansas
19-3. Summary
References
Index
Chapter 1: Introduction to small-format aerial photography
1-1. Overview
1-2. Brief history
1-2.1. 19th century
1-2.2. 20th century
1-3. Photography and imagery
1-4. Conventional aerial photography
1-5. Small-format aerial photography
1-6. Summary
Chapter 2: Basic principles of SFAP
2-1. Remote sensing
2-1.1. Ideal remote sensing
2-1.2. Actual SFAP
2-2. Common aspects of SFAP
2-2.1. Image vantage
2-2.2. Photographic scale and resolution
2-2.3. Relief displacement
2-2.4. Stereoscopic images
2-3. Photographic storage
2-4. Summary
Chapter 3: Photogrammetry
3-1. Introduction
3-2. Geometry of single photographs
3-2.1. Vertical photography
3-2.2. Tilted photography
3-2.3. Interior orientation
3-2.4. Exterior orientation
3-3. Geometry of stereophotographs
3-3.1. Principle of stereoscopic viewing
3-3.2. Base-height ratio and stereoscopic coverage
3-3.3. 3D measurements from stereomodels
3-3.4. Creating stereomodels with aerial triangulation by bundle-block adjustment
3-4. Quantitative analysis of photographs
3-4.1. Measuring and mapping from single photographs
3-4.2. Manual measuring and mapping from stereomodels
3-4.3. Automatic DEM extraction from stereomodels
3-5. Summary
Chapter 4: Lighting and atmospheric conditions
4-1. Introduction
4-2. Multiview-angle effects
4-3. Bidirectional reflectance distribution function
4-4. Multispectral effects
4-5. Latitude and seasonal conditions
4-6. Clouds
4-7. Shadows
4-8. Summary
Chapter 5: Photographic composition
5-1. Introduction
5-2. Basic elements of photographic composition
5-2.1. Oblique and vertical views
5-2.2. Linear features
5-2.3. Image depth
5-2.4. Pattern and texture
5-2.5. Color
5-3. Combining compositional elements
5-4. Photographs vs. human vision
5.5. Summary
Part II
Chapter 6: Cameras for SFAP
6-1. Introduction
6-2. Film camera basics
6-3. Digital camera basics
6-3.1. Types of digital cameras
6-3.2. Image sensors
6-3.3. Image file formats
6-4. Camera geometry and light
6-4.1. Focal length
6-4.2. Lens aperture
6-4.3. Shutter speed
6-4.4. Film speed or ISO rating
6-4.5. Camera exposure settings
6-4.6. Image degradation
6-5. Color-infrared photography
6-6. Camera capabilities for SFAP
6-6.1. Camera lens
6-6.2. Image sensor
6-6.3. File format
6-6.4. Camera type
6-6.5. Camera calibration
6-7. Summary
Chapter 7: Camera mounting systems
7-1. Introduction
7-2. Camera operation
7-3. Detachable mounts
7-3.1. Single-camera suspended rigs
7-3.2. Multiple-camera suspended rigs
7-3.3. Attaching suspendable mounts to a platform
7-3.4. Detactable modular unit mounts
7-4. Fixed mounts
7-5. Summary
Chapter 8: Platforms for SFAP
8-1. Introduction
8-2. Manned light-sport aircraft
8-2.1. Powered light-sport aircraft
8-2.2. Unpowered light-sport aircraft
8-3. Lighter-than-air platforms
8-3.1. Lifting gases
8-3.2. Helium blimp
8-3.3. Hot-air blimp
8-4. Kite aerial photography
8-4.1. Kites for SFAP
8-4.2. Kite-flying equipment
8-4.3. Ground operations
8-5. Drones for SFAP
8-5.1. Basic model airplane
8-5.2. Autopiloted model airplane
8-5.3. Powered paraglider
8-6. Pros and cons of different platforms
8-7. Summary
Chapter 9: SFAP survey planning and implementation
9-1. Introduction
9-2. Travel and equipment logistics
9-3. Site accessibility and characteristics
9-3.1. Local site accessibility
9-3.2. Flight obstacles
9-3.3. Local wind conditions
9-3.4. High-altitude SFAP
9-4. Ground Control
9-4.1. GCP installation
9-4.2. GCP coordinate measurement
9-5. Flight planning considerations
9-5.1. Image scale and resolution
9-5.2. Stereoscopic and large-area coverage
9-6. Flight planning example
9-6.1. Initial calculations: Complete coverage with single image
9-6.2. Revised calulations: Optimal image resolution
9-6.3. Consequences for aerial survey design
9-6.4. Ideal flightline calculation
9-7. Flight planning for oblique SFAP
9-8. Legal issues
9-8.1. German regulations
9-8.2. Regulations in the U.S. and other countries
9-8.3. Insurance
9-9. Summary
Chapter 10. Image interpretation
10-1. Introduction
10-2. Image interpretability
10-3. SFAP interpretation
10-3.1. Water and drainage
10-3.2. Geomorphology
10-3.3. Vegetation and agriculture
10-3.4. Cultural heritage and archaeology
10-3.5. Soils
10-4. Summary
Chapter 11: Image processing and analysis
11-1. Introduction
11-2. Geometric correction and georeferencing
11-2.1. Reference coordinate systems
11-2.2. Image rectification
11-2.3. Image mosaics
11-3. Image enhancement
11-3.1. Correcting lens-dependent aberrations
11-3.2. Contrast enhancement
11-3.3. Image filtering
11-4. Image transformation
11-4.1. Image ratios and vegetation indices
11-4.2. Principal components analysis and color-space transformations
11-5. Image classification
11-6. Stereoviewing and photogrammetric analysis
11-6.1. Creating simple on-screen stereoviews
11-6.2. Using printouts under a stereoscope
11-6.3. Digital stereoviewing
11-6.4. Stereoscopic measuring and mapping
11-6.5. DEM generation
11-7. Software for SFAP analysis
11-8. Summary
Part III
Chapter 12: Glacial geomorphology
12-1. Introduction
12-2. Glacial erosion
12-3. Glacial deposition
12-4. Glacial deformation
12-5. Summary
Chapter 13: Gully erosion monitoring
13-1. Introduction
13-2. Study sites and survey
13-3. Gully mapping and change analysis
13-4. Summary
Chapter 14: Wetland environments
14-1. Overview
14-2. Raised bogs, Estonia
14-2.1. Endla Nature Reserve
14-2.2. Nigula Nature Reserve
14-2.3. Discussion
14-3. Prairie marshes and playas, Kansas
14-3.1. Cheyenne Bottoms
14-3.2. Dry Lake
14-3.3. Discussion
14-4. Summary
Chapter 15: Biocontrol of salt cedar
15-1. Salt cedar problem
15-2. USBR study site
15-3. Analysis of KAP results
15-4. Summary
Chapter 16: Vegetation and erosion
16-1. Introduction
16-2. Monitoring vegetation and erosion test sites
16-3. Influence of grazing on vegetation cover
16-4. Combating desertification and soil degradation
16-5. Summary
Chapter 17: Soil mapping and soil degradation
17-1. Introduction
17-2. Soils and long-term human land use
17-3. Summary
Chapter 18: Architecture and property management
18-1. Introduction
18-2. Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri
18-3. Property management, Lake Kahola, Kansas
18-4. Summary
Chapter 19: Golf course management
19-1. Overview
19-2. Garden City, Kansas
19-3. Summary
References
Index