Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters · ISSPIC 8 Copenhagen, Denmark, 1–6 July 1996

Spectroscopy.- Multiple ionization and Coulomb explosion of mercury clusters in femtosecond laser fields.- Photoelectron spectroscopy of silicon- and germanium-fluorine binary cluster anions (SinFm-, GenFm-).- Spectroscopy of non-stoichiometric sodium-fluoride clusters NanFn-1; infrared spectral signature and classification.- Analysis of optical absorption spectra of transition metal cluster ions by the spin-polarized DV-X? method.- Photoelectron spectroscopy of transition metal-sulfur cluster anions.- Fluorescence excitation spectroscopy of xenon doped neon clusters: size and site effects, and cluster melting.- Femtosecond wave packet dynamics in alkali trimers.- Isotopically resolved $$ \widetilde{B} \leftarrow \widetilde{X} $$ electronic spectrum of Ag3 and calculation of its Jahn-Teller effects.- Small silicon oxide clusters: chains and rings.- Resonant two-photon ionization spectra of o, p, m-xylene…Arn (n =1, 2).- Transient absorption study on photodarkened CdSxSe1-x doped glasses: evidence for long lived trapping states.- Ultrafast dynamics in excited ammonia dimers and trimers.- Heterogeneous Clusters and Their Reactions.- Dynamic solvation effects on surface-impact dissociation of I2-(CO2)n.- Rigid or floppy water-containing dipole-bound dimer anions.- Chemiionization upon reaction of sodium clusters with molecular oxygen.- Structures and stabilities of 3d-transition metal-benzene organometallic clusters.- Electron attachment to oxygen and oxygen/ozone clusters tudied in a high-resolution crossed beams experiment.- Reaction dynamics of Nan+ in collision with molecular oxygen.- Fragmentation of (NH3)n+ cluster ions.- Structural characterization of catalytically active metal clusters in polymer membranes.- Experimental Methods.- Size-dependent core-level spectroscopy of free neutral clusters.- Generation, analysis, and deposition of silicon nanocrystals up to 10 nm in diameter.- Comparison between positive and negative charging of helium droplets.- Novel metal cluster complexes synthesized by matrix deposition of mass-selected clusters.- Observation of doubly charged mercury cluster ions Hgn2+, n=l-10 using secondary ion mass spectrometry.- Formation of antimony oxide clusters by gas aggregation.- Radiative cooling of free metal clusters.- Surface induced reactions of cluster ions.- Formation of alumina fine particles by a magnetron sputtering — as aggregation method.- Spontaneous and infrared induced electron detachment from negatively charged helium nanodroplets.- Frequency and field dependent conductivity in Pd-based metal clustercompounds.- Silver-palladium alloyed clusters synthesized by radiolysis.- Production and characterization of thermally-annealed large clusters by high-pressure laser-vaporization technique.- Thermodynamic properties of nm-sized Pd and Ni particles.- Spontaneous alloying of gold clusters into nanometer-sized antimony clusters.- In situ observation of spontaneous alloying of antimony into nm-sized indium clusters by optical absorption spectroscopy.- Cluster beams from passivated nanocrystals.- Magnetism.- Nitrogen chemisorption on ?-Fe nanoparticles studied by in situ Mössbauer spectroscopy.- Magnetic interactions in transition metal clusters embedded in matrices prepared by LECBD technique.- Thermal properties of ferromagnetic clusters.- Possible large magnetic moments in 4d transition metal clusters.- Nanocrystallinity induced by heating.- Synthesis, crystal structures and magnetic properties of Co particles encapsulated in carbon nanocapsules.- Properties of small antiferromagnetic Ising clusters.- Theory.- Pseudopotential approach of the electronic structure in clusters: application to alkali halides and rare gases.- First principles calculation of the dipole moments of small mixed Ge/Te semiconductor clusters.- The implication of topology for protein structure and aggregation.- Temperature measurement from scattering spectra of clusters: theoretical treatment.- Surveying a potential energy surface by eigenvector-following. Applications to global optimisation and the structural transformations of clusters.- Theoretical description of the decay of hot charged alkali metal clusters.- Ab initio model potential and molecular dynamics simulation of Ag6 clusters.- Theoretical study of chemisorption on niobium clusters: carbon monoxide and oxygen.- Signatures of critical phenomena in rare atom clusters.- Analogues in clusters of second-order transitions?.- The Jellium-Atom quasimolecular model for the investigation of charge transfer in alkali-cluster-ion/alkali-atom interactions: the Na19+/Na system.- Diffuseness of the surface and surface vibrations of a 4He droplet.- Comparison of reaction pathways calculated by different algorithms for disilane and water trimer.- Packing of protein structures in clusters with magic numbers.- Collective Modes.- Softening the long-wavelength electromagnetic response of finite quantal systems.- Optical response of cesium coated C60.- The collective response of deformed sodium clusters.- Plasmon profiles and deformations of sodium clusters in the 1g-shell.- Optical response of Ag clusters.- Electron response of metallic clusters to strong laser pulses and energetic ion collisions.- Large sodium clusters in an electrostatic field.- Shells and Size Quantization.- On the role of classical orbits in mesoscopic electronic systems.- Nanowires: size evolution, reversibility, and one-atom contacts.- Unimolecular dissociation of trivalent metal cluster ions (Aln+, Gan+, Inn+): evidence for a transition from covalent to metallic bonding.- Main features of electronic momentum distribution in sodium clusters.- Influence of the ion-pseudopotential on the electronic shell structure and the dipole strength distribution in metal clusters.- Metal clusters on an inert surface: a simple model.- Jahn-Teller deformations of jellium slices.- Ionic and electronic structure of metal clusters.- Fragmentation and Fission.- Excitation and fragmentation of highly charged metal clusters in collisions with ions.- Collision induced fragmentation of small sodium cluster ions.- Fragmentation of clusters induced by collision with a solid surface: comparison of antimony and bismuth cluster ions.- Photofragmentation of Ag4(N2)n+, x=0-3: N2 binding energies.- Fission of multiply charged alkaline earth metal clusters.- Global potential-energy surface for surface-charged clusters.- Low-energy decay pathways of doubly charged silver clusters Agn2+(n=9-24).- Fragmentation of large ionized clusters of rare gas atoms.- Time resolved photofragmentation of Aun+ and Agn+ clusters (n=9, 21).- Fullerenes.- Transition metal coated fullerenes.- Photoexcited C60: fragmentation and delayed ionization.- Stability of clusters of fullerenes.- Carbon clusters in a storage ring.- Electron detachment and fragmentation in collisions between 50 keV Cn-(1?n?86) clusters and H2.- Giant resonances in atoms, atomic clusters, fullerenes, condensed media, and nuclei.- Quantum transition theory and dynamics of ionic molecule formation in cluster collisions.- Thermal behaviour of carbon clusters and small fullerenes.- Electron impact ionization and dissociation of neutral and charged fullerenes.- The structures of small clusters of C60 molecules.- Charge transfer collisions between fullerenes: C603++C60.- A kinetic model of carbon clusters growth.- Time-of-flight mass and photoelectron spectroscopy study of LaCn-.- Photoionization/fragmentation of endohedral fullerenes.- Towards the selective formation of specific isomers of fullerenes: T- and p-dependence in the yield of various isomers of fullerenes C60-C84.- Carbon Nanotubes.- Carbon nanotubes films: electronic properties and their application as field emitters.- Growth of single-layer carbon tubes assisted with iron-group metal catalysts in carbon arc.- EELS investigation of plasmon excitations in aluminum nanospheres and carbon nanotubes.- Electronic and magnetic properties in mesoscopic tubule and permanent current.- Conductance of nano-tube junctions and its scaling law.- Structural Properties.- Evolution of the metallicity in the LinHm clusters as a function of m: evidence for a segregation.- Ab-initio study of optical response properties of nonstoichiometric lithium-hydride and sodium-fluoride clusters with one- and two-excess electrons.- Ab-initio study of structural and optical properties of nonstoichiometric alkalimetal-oxides.- Ionization potentials and geometrical structure of pure and oxygenated barium clusters.- 1/f-noise in metallic clusters.- Neon scattering off Sodium clusters at finite temperatures.- Temperature dependence of the single-particle spectrum in sodium clusters.- Thermally-induced surface reconstructions of Mackay icosahedra.- Hydrogen induced melting of Palladium clusters.- First-principle molecular dynamics calculation of selenium clusters.- Ion mobility measurements of metal halide clusters.- Structure, stability, and vibrational properties of small silver cluster.- Computational studies of small (AIP)N clusters.- Ab-initio molecular dynamics based on non-local density functional procedure with Gaussian basis; study of structural and temperature behaviour of metallic clusters.- Electronic properties of isolated GaN AsM clusters: photoionization-, photodissociation- and photoluminescence quantum yields.- Monte Carlo simulation of order-disorder transformation in nano particles of Cu3Au alloy.- Diffusion processes and growth on aluminum cluster surfaces.- Structural evolution of larger gold clusters.- Clusters on Surfaces.- Halo-like structures studied by atomic force microscopy.- Hierarchical organization in aggregates of protein molecules.- Mobility and aggregation of free clusters soft landed on amorphous and crystalline carbon substrates.- Structure of inorganic nanoclusters embedded in solid matrixes: an X-ray absorption study.- Scaling in patterns produced by cluster deposition.- Collisional dynamics of Ag19 on Pd(100): a molecular dynamics study.- Structural phase stability of Se clusters in zeolites.- Structural anomaly of fine bismuth particles observed by ultra high-vacuum TEM.- Self-assembly of magnetic nanostructures.- Ionization of water clusters by collision with surface.- Formation and characterization of quasi-free clusters.- Electronic properties of Cu clusters and islands and their reaction with O2 on SnO2(110) surfaces.- Cluster-based Materials.- Cluster assembled thin films of covalent materials.- NMR in powders and single crystals of the metal-alloy cluster [HNi38Pt6(CO)48]5-.- Network structure of fine silica particles.- EXAFS study of functionalized nanoclusters and nanocluster assemblies.- Magnetic properties of transition metal films and islands on W(l10).- Gold and platinum molecular cluster compounds studied by 197Au Mössbauer Spectroscopy.

Clusters are steadily growing in importance, both as the subjects of basic research covering the gap between single atoms and macroscopic condensed matter, and for materials science as tools for the preparation of surfaces with specially designed properties.
The International Symposia on Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters (ISSPIC) have for a substantial numnber of years constituted the main fora for discussions of the latest developments in cluster physics and chemistry. The eighth symposium in the series, which took place in Copenhagen in July 1996, was no exception to the trend. 1996 was an important year for cluster research as the maturity of the field was recognized internationally through the award of the chemistry Nobel prize for fullerene research. These proceedings from the Copenhagen symposium update the field right up to the time of the prize award.