We describe sampling methods and provide software to accurately and efficiently estimate snag and tree densities at desired scales to meet a variety of research and management objectives. The methods optimize sampling effort by choosing a plot size appropriate for the specified forest conditions and sampling goals. Plot selection and data analyses are supported by SnagPRO, a software program designed specifically to serve our sampling methods. We present two sampling methods to estimate density and associated characteristics of snags and trees. The first method requires sampling until a desired precision is obtained for a density estimate. The second method compares estimated densities with target densities, such as target snag densities specified under a land management plan.