In this manual we can find a short history of anthropology in general. Next we present and discuss anthropological theories and currents: evolutionist, diffusionist, functionalist, structuralist with their respective critical reflections. We also deal with the types of anthropology: ethnology linking ethnicity, the sense of Bantu and Bantuism, knowledge in Africa - myth, ethnophilosophy, African philosophy and more - cultural anthropology giving more emphasis to the concept of culture, facts, ideofacts, artefacts, endogenous and exogenous factors, kinship, patrilineal and matrilineal lineage, cultural dynamics and globalization, enculturation, acculturation, deculturation, cultural heterogenity and homegenity, cultural rites and their ceremonies, marriage, dowry and wolf, polygamy and Family Law in Mozambique, witchcraft, sorcery and magic; applied social anthropology, linguistic anthropology, religious anthropology, physical or biological anthropology, philosophical anthropology, political anthropology, health anthropology, ecosystem anthropology with an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants marketed.