The relation between socioeconomic status and population health is evident in epidemiological studies. Socioeconomic status is typically measured using income and financial resources, occupation type, and educational attainment. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of socioeconomic status and its health implications. Topics discussed include diabetes, marginality, and gender identity; the socioeconomic aspects of health services in Israel; low socioeconomic status and child mental health disparities; adolescent health risk behavior from a migrant population in the United Arab Emirates; Japanese women's health related to job stress and the hidden costs incurred by families and friends of patients with low health literacy.