Sociology appears as a scientific discipline that can make an important contribution to the project of Africans to access development. This contribution consists primarily in shedding light on the barriers that hinder the development of the continent. It is necessary to break with the dominant patterns of thought because, it is necessary to refuse from the start, to think the future of Africa from the past of others. Sociology is a major science in the African project, especially since this discipline has undergone a revolution. For example, we have moved from a classical sociology to a critical and dynamic sociology. The new definitions of the object of sociology, the new theories and methods correspond to the desire of the people to free themselves from any alienation or domination in order to blossom. The work leads to the proposal of an ideology to direct the action. It is about socialism which is inspired, among other things, by the problem of disconnection which does not mean economic autarky. For Africans, it is a question of submitting the links with the outside world to the priorities of internal development.