The advances in the field of soil fertility are described in this book along with information regarding nutrient management. It compiles contributions of various soil fertility experts and researchers. It extensively discusses the topic of soil mapping and soil fertility testing, describing spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrients within natural and managed ecosystems and latest soil testing methods and information on response of soil fertility indicators to agricultural practices. It further discusses, the theme of organic and inorganic amendments for increasing soil fertility, describing fertilizing materials that provide important amounts of essential nutrients for plants. The book also covers topics on integrated nutrient management planning. Herein, case studies describing successful application of this approach expansively across both geographically large as well as remote areas, to increase the production of staple crops and forages have been presented from Central Europe, South America and Africa.