Spontaneous Abortion de Isabel Stabile

Spontaneous Abortion: Diagnosis and Treatment

Isabel Stabile

J. G. Grudzinskas

Tim Chard

Sixteen British specialists pool their extensive knowledge of spontaneous abortion in one source. Their discussion is directly applicable to clinical situations and helps identify areas of debate and alternative methods.

Citește tot Restrânge

Cuprins

1 Definition and Clinical Presentation.- Spontaneous Abortion.- Threatened Abortion.- Inevitable Abortion.- Missed Abortion.- Anembryonic Pregnancy.- Spontaneous Abortion of a Live Fetus.- Trophoblastic Tumours.- Septic Abortion.- Recurrent Abortion.- Induced Abortion.- Ectopic Pregnancy.- Summary.- References.- 2 Spontaneous Abortions: Epidemiology.- Problems of Definition and Ascertainment.- Current Estimates of Early Reproductive Loss.- Maternal Health.- Other Environmental Hazards.- Conclusion.- References.- 3 Aetiology of Pregnancy Failure.- Numerical Chromosomal Abnormalities (Aneuploidy and Polyploidy).- Pathological Findings in First Trimester Abortuses.- References.- 4 Pathology of Spontaneous Abortion.- Anatomo-pathological Classification of Material from Abortions.- Histological Classification of Material from Abortions.- Specific Pathological Abnormalities in Abortion.- Conclusions.- References.- 5 Ultrasound Diagnosis of Spontaneous Miscarriage.- Am I Pregnant?.- Is My Pregnancy Normal?.- When Is My Baby Due?.- Will I Miscarry?.- Is My Baby Normal?.- Specific Complications of Early Pregnancy.- Doppler Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Pregnancy Failure.- References.- 6 Assessment of Early Pregnancy: Measurement of Fetoplacental Hormones and Proteins.- Diagnosis of Pregnancy.- Normal Pregnancy.- Control of Synthesis and Secretion.- Early Pregnancy Failure.- Threatened and Spontaneous Miscarriage.- Anembryonic Pregnancy.- Ectopic Pregnancy.- Trophoblastic Disease.- Prenatal Diagnosis: Chorionic Villus Sampling.- Conclusions.- References.- 7 The Aetiology and Management of Recurrent Miscarriage.- Incidence.- The Risk of Recurrence.- Aetiology of Recurrent Miscarriage.- Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 8 Septic Abortion.- Felicity Ashworth.- Relevance of Septic Abortion to Maternal Mortality Statistics.- Risk Factors.- Clinical Features.- Microbiology.- Management of Septic Abortion.- Management of Septic Shock.- Conclusion.- References.- 9 Miscarriage Following Assisted Conception.- Miscarriage in the Infertile Couple.- The Influence on Miscarriage of the Drugs used in Assisted Conception.- Miscarriage after IVF and Related Procedures.- Summary.- References.- 10 Abortion Following Invasive Diagnostic Procedures in the First Trimester.- Safety.- Accuracy.- Chromosomal Abnormalities.- Cost Considerations.- References.- 11 Diagnosis and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy Isabel Stabile.- Incidence of Ectopic Pregnancy.- Aetiology of Ectopic Pregnancy.- Clinical Features of Ectopic Pregnancy.- Diagnostic Tests.- Biochemical Tests.- Sonographic Tests.- Combination of Ultrasound and Biochemical Tests.- Management of Ectopic Pregnancy.- Conclusion.- References.- 12 Surgical Treatment of Spontaneous Abortion.- Cervical Cerclage in the Management of Cervical Incompetence.- Operative Procedures for Cervical Incompetence.- Choice of Patients.- Value of the Procedure.- Randomised Controlled Trials.- Management of Spontaneous Abortion.- References.- 13 Endocrine Treatment in the Prevention and Management of Spontaneous Abortion.- Prevention.- Empirical Treatment.- Conclusion.- References.- 14 Immunotherapy of Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage.- Introduction: Maternal Immunity in Normal Pregnancy.- Rationale for Immunotherapy in Pregnancy Loss.- Definition of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.- Methods of Treatment.- Assessment of Outcome of Treatment: Difficulties of Interpretation.- Potential Hazards of Immunotherapy.- Future Requirements.- Conclusions.- References.