In this monograph, United Kingdom-based academic Dr. Mohammed El-Katiri reviews the major challenges to the new Libyan regime, including the continuing role of tribalism and the difficulty posed by the NTC's lack of monopoly on ensuring security in Tripoli and beyond. Key issues of concern to foreign partners when engaging with the new Libyan leadership are highlighted, and a number of policy recommendations are made. Libya's immediate future is of critical importance, and will determine whether the country faces state consolidation or state failure.