Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice
Autor Jacinta M. Gauen Limba Engleză Electronic book text – 22 feb 2018
Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice, Third Edition demonstrates how statistics is relevant to your life and future career by illustrating the logical connections between basic statistical concepts and their real-world implications in criminology and criminal justice. Written for students with a limited mathematical background, author Jacinta Gau eases any anxiety around statistics by simplifying the overarching goal of each statistical technique and providing step-by-step instructions for working through the formulas and numbers. You will use real data from the field to build a foundational knowledge of statistics, rather than merely memorizing key terms or formulas.
New to the Third Edition
- NEWThinking Criticallyfeatureencourages you to apply the concepts from the chapter to real-life scenarios, with open-ended questions that are designed to inspire you to think about the nuances of science, statistics, and their application to criminal justice.
- Additional illustrations and examplesin every chapter keep you engaged with the content and offer ample opportunities for you to practice the techniques.
- New and updated data sets from a wide range of relevant sources,such as the NCVS and UCR, BJS, LEMAS, the Census of Jails, and much more have been incorporated to give you insights into the state of criminal justice research today.
- New research on critical topicsencourages you to discuss changes happening in the field such as the Census of Jails, inmate-on-staff assaults in prisons, and homicide rates.
- Practicing Statistics Whiteboard Videos, available in SAGE edge, walk you through statistical calculations to reinforce key concepts.
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9781506391793
ISBN-10: 1506391796
Pagini: 456
Dimensiuni: 187 x 232 mm
Ediția:Third Edition
Editura: SAGE Publications
Colecția Sage Publications, Inc
Locul publicării:Thousand Oaks, United States
ISBN-10: 1506391796
Pagini: 456
Dimensiuni: 187 x 232 mm
Ediția:Third Edition
Editura: SAGE Publications
Colecția Sage Publications, Inc
Locul publicării:Thousand Oaks, United States
Recenzii
“[Statistics
for
Criminology
and
Criminal
Justice]
is
well-written
and
logically
organized
so
that
it
is
easy
for
instructors
to
adopt
(without
having
to
jump
around
in
the
book).
It
is
a
great
textbook
for
undergrads
who
are
being
exposed
to
statistics
in
the
field
for
the
first
time
and
for
Master’s
students
who
need
a
better
grasp
of
the
fundamentals
of
statistics
before
taking
more
advanced
courses
(the
SPSS
exercises
are
especially
useful
for
a
graduate
level
students
who
are
novice
SPSS
users).”
“This is a thorough introductory text with a lot of good, interesting examples and descriptions of data sources.”
“A must-have textbook for Instructors and students alike in the fields of Criminology and Criminal Justice. The book is user-friendly.”
“Great textbook that provides easy to read examples and comprehensive topics.”
“[Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice] does an excellent job with providing students a conceptual foundation to the application of statistical techniques. It provides just enough detail, does not shy away from the presentation of formulas, and emphasizes the application and interpretation of statistical analysis. It also uses illustrations in a judicious manner to present relevant concepts. The chapter review problems are an invaluable resource for students.”
“…well-constructed and comprehensive of hypothesis testing and offers a good approach using a clear method of calculation.”
“A great introduction to statistics text that is well organized, easy to understand, and provides students with access to real-life data.”
“This is a thorough introductory text with a lot of good, interesting examples and descriptions of data sources.”
“A must-have textbook for Instructors and students alike in the fields of Criminology and Criminal Justice. The book is user-friendly.”
“Great textbook that provides easy to read examples and comprehensive topics.”
“[Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice] does an excellent job with providing students a conceptual foundation to the application of statistical techniques. It provides just enough detail, does not shy away from the presentation of formulas, and emphasizes the application and interpretation of statistical analysis. It also uses illustrations in a judicious manner to present relevant concepts. The chapter review problems are an invaluable resource for students.”
“…well-constructed and comprehensive of hypothesis testing and offers a good approach using a clear method of calculation.”
“A great introduction to statistics text that is well organized, easy to understand, and provides students with access to real-life data.”
Cuprins
Preface
to
the
Third
Edition
Acknowledgments
About the Author
PART I DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Use of Statistics in Criminal Justice and Criminology
Science: Basic Terms and Concepts
Types of Scientific Research in Criminal Justice and Criminology
Software Packages for Statistical Analysis
Organization of the Book
Review Problems
Chapter 2 Types of Variables and Levels of Measurement
Units of Analysis
Independent Variables and Dependent Variables
Relationships Between Variables: A Cautionary Note
Levels of Measurement
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 3 Organizing, Displaying, and Presenting Data
Data Distributions
Graphs and Charts
Grouped Data
SPSS
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 4 Measures of Central Tendency
The Mode
The Median
The Mean
Using the Mean and Median to Determine Distribution Shape
Deviation Scores and the Mean as the Midpoint of the Magnitudes
SPSS
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 5 Measures of Dispersion
The Variation Ratio
The Range
The Variance
The Standard Deviation
The Standard Deviation and the Normal Curve
SPSS
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
PART II PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Chapter 6 Probability
Discrete Probability: The Binomial Probability Distribution
Continuous Probability: The Standard Normal Curve
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 7 Population, Sample, and Sampling Distributions
Empirical Distributions: Population and Sample Distributions
Theoretical Distributions: Sampling Distributions
Sample Size and the Sampling Distribution: The z and t Distributions
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 8 Point Estimates and Confidence Intervals
The Level of Confidence: The Probability of Being Correct
Confidence Intervals for Means With Large Samples
Confidence Intervals for Means With Small Samples
Confidence Intervals With Proportions and Percentages
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
PART III HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Chapter 9 Hypothesis Testing: A Conceptual Introduction
Sample Statistics and Population Parameters: Sampling Error or True Difference?
Null and Alternative Hypotheses
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 10 Hypothesis Testing With Two Categorical Variables: Chi-Square
Conceptual Basis of the Chi-Square Test: Statistical Dependence and Independence
The Chi-Square Test of Independence
Measures of Association
SPSS
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 11 Hypothesis Testing With Two Population Means or Proportions
Two-Population Tests for Differences Between Means: t Tests
Two-Population Tests for Differences Between Proportions
SPSS
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 12 Hypothesis Testing With Three or More Population Means: Analysis of Variance
ANOVA: Different Types of Variances
When the Null Is Rejected: A Measure of Association and Post Hoc Tests
SPSS
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 13 Hypothesis Testing With Two Continuous Variables: Correlation
Beyond Statistical Significance: Sign, Magnitude, and Coefficient of Determination
SPSS
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 14 Introduction to Regression Analysis
One Independent Variable and One Dependent Variable: Bivariate Regression
Adding More Independent Variables: Multiple Regression
Ordinary Least Squares Regression in SPSS
Alternatives to Ordinary Least Squares Regression
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Appendix A Review of Basic Mathematical Techniques
Appendix B Standard Normal (z) Distribution
Appendix C t Distribution
Appendix D Chi-Square (c²) Distribution
Appendix E F Distribution
Glossary
Answers to Learning Checks
Answers to Review Problems
References
Index
Acknowledgments
About the Author
PART I DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Use of Statistics in Criminal Justice and Criminology
Science: Basic Terms and Concepts
Types of Scientific Research in Criminal Justice and Criminology
Software Packages for Statistical Analysis
Organization of the Book
Review Problems
Chapter 2 Types of Variables and Levels of Measurement
Units of Analysis
Independent Variables and Dependent Variables
Relationships Between Variables: A Cautionary Note
Levels of Measurement
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 3 Organizing, Displaying, and Presenting Data
Data Distributions
Graphs and Charts
Grouped Data
SPSS
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 4 Measures of Central Tendency
The Mode
The Median
The Mean
Using the Mean and Median to Determine Distribution Shape
Deviation Scores and the Mean as the Midpoint of the Magnitudes
SPSS
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 5 Measures of Dispersion
The Variation Ratio
The Range
The Variance
The Standard Deviation
The Standard Deviation and the Normal Curve
SPSS
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
PART II PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Chapter 6 Probability
Discrete Probability: The Binomial Probability Distribution
Continuous Probability: The Standard Normal Curve
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 7 Population, Sample, and Sampling Distributions
Empirical Distributions: Population and Sample Distributions
Theoretical Distributions: Sampling Distributions
Sample Size and the Sampling Distribution: The z and t Distributions
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 8 Point Estimates and Confidence Intervals
The Level of Confidence: The Probability of Being Correct
Confidence Intervals for Means With Large Samples
Confidence Intervals for Means With Small Samples
Confidence Intervals With Proportions and Percentages
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
PART III HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Chapter 9 Hypothesis Testing: A Conceptual Introduction
Sample Statistics and Population Parameters: Sampling Error or True Difference?
Null and Alternative Hypotheses
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 10 Hypothesis Testing With Two Categorical Variables: Chi-Square
Conceptual Basis of the Chi-Square Test: Statistical Dependence and Independence
The Chi-Square Test of Independence
Measures of Association
SPSS
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 11 Hypothesis Testing With Two Population Means or Proportions
Two-Population Tests for Differences Between Means: t Tests
Two-Population Tests for Differences Between Proportions
SPSS
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 12 Hypothesis Testing With Three or More Population Means: Analysis of Variance
ANOVA: Different Types of Variances
When the Null Is Rejected: A Measure of Association and Post Hoc Tests
SPSS
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 13 Hypothesis Testing With Two Continuous Variables: Correlation
Beyond Statistical Significance: Sign, Magnitude, and Coefficient of Determination
SPSS
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 14 Introduction to Regression Analysis
One Independent Variable and One Dependent Variable: Bivariate Regression
Adding More Independent Variables: Multiple Regression
Ordinary Least Squares Regression in SPSS
Alternatives to Ordinary Least Squares Regression
Chapter Summary
Review Problems
Appendix A Review of Basic Mathematical Techniques
Appendix B Standard Normal (z) Distribution
Appendix C t Distribution
Appendix D Chi-Square (c²) Distribution
Appendix E F Distribution
Glossary
Answers to Learning Checks
Answers to Review Problems
References
Index
Descriere
An
Introduction
to
Statistics
in
Criminology
and
Criminal
Justice
Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice, Third Edition demonstrates how statistics is relevant to your life and future career by illustrating the logical connections between basic statistical concepts and their real-world implications in criminology and criminal justice. Written for students with a limited mathematical background, author Jacinta Gau eases any anxiety around statistics by simplifying the overarching goal of each statistical technique and providing step-by-step instructions for working through the formulas and numbers. You will use real data from the field to build a foundational knowledge of statistics, rather than merely memorizing key terms or formulas.
New to the Third Edition
Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice, Third Edition demonstrates how statistics is relevant to your life and future career by illustrating the logical connections between basic statistical concepts and their real-world implications in criminology and criminal justice. Written for students with a limited mathematical background, author Jacinta Gau eases any anxiety around statistics by simplifying the overarching goal of each statistical technique and providing step-by-step instructions for working through the formulas and numbers. You will use real data from the field to build a foundational knowledge of statistics, rather than merely memorizing key terms or formulas.
New to the Third Edition
- NEWThinking Criticallyfeatureencourages you to apply the concepts from the chapter to real-life scenarios, with open-ended questions that are designed to inspire you to think about the nuances of science, statistics, and their application to criminal justice.
- Additional illustrations and examplesin every chapter keep you engaged with the content and offer ample opportunities for you to practice the techniques.
- New and updated data sets from a wide range of relevant sources,such as the NCVS and UCR, BJS, LEMAS, the Census of Jails, and much more have been incorporated to give you insights into the state of criminal justice research today.
- New research on critical topicsencourages you to discuss changes happening in the field such as the Census of Jails, inmate-on-staff assaults in prisons, and homicide rates.
- Practicing Statistics Whiteboard Videos, available in SAGE edge, walk you through statistical calculations to reinforce key concepts.