Papers from the session entitled 'Status of Prehistoric Studies in the Twenty First Century in India' presented at the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006). Contents: 1) Prehistoric India: Assessment & Prospects in the 21st Century (Vidula Jayaswal); 2) On the status of Indian Hominoid and Hominid Fossils (A. R. Sankhyan); 3) Understanding Acheulian Culture in the Gandheswari River Valley; Bankura; West-Bengal, India (Asok Datta); 4) Prehistoric Research in Bengal - On the threshold (Bishnupriya Basak); 5) The Neolithic Culture in the Northern Vindhyas and the Middle Gangetic Plain (Jagannath Pal); 6) Experimental Study on the Manufacturing process of the Lower Palaelithic implements from Quartz nodules (Krishnendu Polley, Ranjana Ray);"