This book introduces the reader to the main geological-structural methods used to recognize active tectonic deformation and to identify the complex relations among tectonics, magma ascent and the evolution of volcanic edifices. We provide an overview on two major fields of application of modern structural geology, with special emphasis on fieldwork techniques, and minor references to numerical and laboratory methods. The book is primarily addressed to students at the bachelor's and master's levels; however, it is suitable for academics and professionals and all those who need to acquire working knowledge of the methods for studying recent and active structures in non-volcanic as well as volcanic regions. The volume is broken down into two main sections: "Structural geology of active tectonic areas," and "Structural geology of volcanic regions."