The monograph presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of structural and simulation modeling of the macrostructure of cellular concrete with a predetermined set of properties. The main characteristics of cellular concretes and their macrostructure and mathematical modeling of material properties are described. The basics of fractal geometry and its application to the description of porous building materials are considered. Methods of determining the optimal pore structure of cellular concrete with prescribed properties and nondestructive control of their strength and heat protection properties are presented. The methods of improving the properties of cellular concrete based on the results of the research are shown.The monograph is intended for scientific and engineering employees of research organizations, as well as for teachers of higher educational institutions, doctoral students.