This study focuses on the profitability of sesame cultivation in the Kimpemba group, Madimba territory in the province of Central Kongo. To achieve this, we used documentary analysis methods supported by a survey using a questionnaire to collect quantitative and qualitative data from a sample of 35 sesame growers. After analysing the data collected, the results obtained reveal the following: Sesame cultivation shows low profitability (3.15%) under current conditions in the villages of the Kimpemba group. This is due to the small areas planted by producers and the costs incurred, particularly the variable costs. The profitability estimate shows that this crop generates low income with a net margin of 11,394.13Fc for an average area of 53 hectares. The cost of sesame production is 360,990.77Fc, which is fully covered by the turnover of 372,384.9Fc. Average productivity for Kimpemba producers is 433.71kg on an average area of 53 hectares.