The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a joint between the temporal bone and the condylar process of the mandible, responsible for mandibular movements. As it is considered the most complex of the organism, it has some peculiar characteristics and is susceptible to triggering various malfunctions over time, as in the case of congenital, degenerative or traumatic diseases and diagnosis and treatment may require action by a multidisciplinary team, pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical treatment. This study aimed to address the anatomical aspects of the TMJ and the disorders that can be developed over time, as well as the possibilities of treatment.