This book provides a theoretical analysis of international law's impact on relations between dominant and subordinate, or subaltern, groups. It charts the law's role in the reproduction, legitimation, and transformation of systems such as capitalism, racism, and imperialism. It looks at 4 distinct moments: when law structures society; when rules and institutions are formally used; when law influences ideological positions; and when law is used to defend political claims. The book shows the law as a powerful tool for promoting the reproduction and legitimation of subordination. Offering a fresh perspective, it will appeal to scholars of international law and international relations.