On 6 July 2012, President Barack Obama signed the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21; P.L. 112141). The act authorised spending on federal highway and public transportation programs, surface transportation safety and research, and some rail programs and activities through September 30, 2014. MAP-21 authorised roughly $105 billion for FY2013 and FY2014 combined. This book examines the MAP-21 Act and the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA) program, which is designed to fill market gaps and leverage substantial non-federal investment by providing federal credit assistance to help finance surface transportation projects including highway, transit, rail, and intermodal projects.