The Federal Government serves the Nation by promoting economic strength, preserving national security, and protecting public health, public safety, and the environment. Federal missions vital to the Nation's prosperity, health, and security are accomplished through the research and development and related activities conducted by the over 250,000 highly skilled scientists and engineers in the Federal workforce. As science advances and new technologies develop to meet national and global Grand Challenges, the science and technology (S&T) workforce needed to bring these technologies to bear must evolve. In building the future Federal S&T workforce, the Federal Government must consider trends in both the supply of and demand for these skilled professionals.