Project Report from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Personnel and Organisation, grade: B+ (4.0), course: Human Resources, language: English, abstract: Talent management is the most applauded strategy in current organization management. Thus, this study attempts to explore the role of talent management in relation to organizational strategic competitive advantage. Data is collected by use of simple random sampling that provided open ended structured questionnaires and interviews to 100 people working in different organizations, both public and private located in Arusha Tanzania and also from literature reviews. The results help to define not only the objective of talent management in organizations, but also to draw some important operational principles, emphasizing significance of talent management in organizations and the challenges facing it by qualitative description. Generally, talent management has been proved to be of vital importance in contemporary organizations as they are faced with competition. This importance seems to be beyond normal imagination. However, more studies and refinement to cope up with the ever changing business environment should be a continuous agenda within talent management.