In the twelve years since the first edition of Talking With Patients was published, contributions from relational psychoanalysis and from neuroscience have been integrated into much of the work done by self psychologists. The relational focus on the impact of the treatment relationship on the psychoanalytic process, while implicit in self psychology, is made explicit in this new edition, with discussions of the work of Steven Mitchell, Lew Aron, Jessica Benjamin, Philip Bromberg, and Jody Messler Davies. The second edition also discuss the concept of implicit memory from cognitive science, which posits that patients have many experiences from early development that are not available to conscious memory but are, instead, encoded in procedural or implicit memory.