Japan and the United States are under global and domestic pressures to simultaneously expand and to restrict immigration. In both countries migration, refugee and citizenship policies have become highly contentious political issues. Myron Weiner and Tadashi Hanami have brought together a distinguished group of American and Japanese experts to examine the very different approaches of these two societies in dealing with employer demand for labour, control over illegal migration, the challenge of incorporating immigrants, the legal rights and social benefits of foreign residents and illegal migrants, and the claims of refugees and asylum seekers.