This work discusses in depth the series of changes involving human communities that took place in the strip of land between the rivers Jucar and Segura (south-eastern Iberian Peninsular) over a period of nearly 3,000 years, ca. 5600 - 2600 cal BC, from the Ancient Neolithic Cardial period up to the Chalcolithic age. The methodology applied here, with the help of GIS analysis, is based on establishing uses, connections, and/or relationships of dependency between settlements and their different functionality. It indicates a settlement pattern that is perfectly adapted to the surrounding environment, with gradual transformations, but also specific changes that correspond to social fission and aggregation, typical of egalitarian socio-economic tribal formations. The book concludes by analysing the historic moment in which we begin to find clear evidence of a breakdown in the egalitarian way of life and the first social inequalities. Spanish text.