Textbook of Epidemiology, Second Edition

Lex M. Bouter, PhD, is a tenured chair in Methodology and Integrity in the Department of Epidemiology and Data Science of the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, and in the Department of Philosophy of the Faculty of Humanities of the Vrije Universiteit. Maurice Zeegers, MBA, PhD, is a tenured Professor at the Department of Epidemiology at Maastricht University in the Netherlands. He is the former Head of the School of Public Health and the former Chair and Vice-Chair of the Dutch and European Associations of Epidemiology, respectively. Tianjing Li, MD, MHS, PhD, is a tenured Associate Professor in the Department of Ophthalmology and the Department of Epidemiology at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.

Preface xi About the companion website xiii 1 Epidemiology 1 2 Frequency 13 3 Association 31 4 Study Design 47 5 Precision and Validity 65 6 Etiology and Causality 101 7 Genetic Epidemiology 117 8 Outbreak Epidemiology 133 9 Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 159 10 Intervention 191 11 Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 207 Answers to knowledge assessment questions 221 Index 233