This is the second in a series or historical studies on the role or the Air Force in space activities, prepared by the USAF Historical Division Liaison Office. The first study, The Threshold of Space 1945-1959, described the evolution of the national space program with emphasis on the responsibilities or the Air Force. For the present study, the author adopted a broad approach that permitted timely coverage or USAF space policies, plans, and programs within the context or both the national space program and USAF strategic objectives. This office will also prepare comprehensive studies on particular portions or the space program. The Air Force in Space, 1959-1960 is part of the History of Headquarters USAF, Fiscal Year 1960. This document is classified SECRET to conform with the classification assigned to sources of information used herein.