This book examines the innovation and patent policy issues in the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act and the Bayh-Dole Acts and what these acts mean for American innovation, American jobs, and American leadership. As we bear witness to the awe-inspiring progress of technology, at a pace never before seen in any previous single generation, protecting those technologies with clear, consistent and dependable patent rights is fundamental to disseminating that scientific know-how, affording society the opportunity to build upon and advance those underlying breakthroughs.