This English translation of Traude Litzka's scholarly German work treats the Roman Catholic Church's attempt to assist Jews after the 1938 Anschluss transforming the country into a province of Nazi Germany engaged in persecuting Jews and all opposing the Nazi regime. The new regime's hostility to the Church threatened its beliefs and structure, keeping its substantial assistance to the Jewish population secret until the end of World War II. Traude Litzka, MA, PhD, (1941 - 2016), Studies in Judaism and Ethnology, Economic and Social Science. Board Member of the Austrian-Israeli Society and Scholars for Peace in the Middle East. Gerda Joseph, 1953 PhD University of Vienna, Austria. Eyewitnessed and survived WWII in Vienna. Translator for the American government in Austria and for the Austrian foreign service in the US.