Music and philosophy have been closely associated throughout the history of philosophy. Classical thinkers originally identify their shared mythological origins and the phenomena that identify philosophy as "the greatest kind of music". More recently philosophers alert us to the transcending nature of music. This book discusses the congruence of philosophy and music initially by looking at the contemporary philosophy of music, the concept of the musical work and the phenomenon of temporality and time consciousness. A turn towards Plato's and Aristotle's philosophy of music suggests how music and philosophy provide us with congruent challenges and insights. Such congruence becomes particularly clear when we consider philosophy in relation to life and the practice of philosophy as a way of life. This book includes discussions of the contemporary philosophy of music, of temporality, of classical philosophy and of philosophy as a way of life. It is of particular relevance to philosophers interested in the philosophy and phenomenology of music or the nature of philosophy and to musicians seeking clarity on the philosophical foundations of their artistic practice.