This scholarly and original study of military thought during the nineteenth century, continues and expands the themes Azar Gat explored in The Origins of Military Thought. The present volume spans the period from the aftermath of the Napoleonic era to the outbreak of the First World War. Encompassing Prussia/Germany, France, Great Britain, the USA, and the Marxist theory later to gain sway in Russia, it focuses on the wider conceptions of war, strategy, and military theory which dominated the West in this period, and Dr Gat's penetrating analysis uncovers the intellectual assumptions and the picture of the past which underlay military policy and practice.