Technical advances in horizontal well drilling and well stimulation have made possible the commercial production of unconventional resources in the United States, which began in 2007. Brazil is the 10th country in the scale of holders of technically recoverable reserves of shale gas in the world and the exploitation of this resource is directly linked to regulatory and environmental challenges. This book aims to present the current state of unconventional onshore reserves in Brazil and the challenges for their development, using as reference parameters already existing in countries such as Argentina and the United States. Finally, it proposes a theoretical break-even price for a hypothetical shale gas production asset in Brazil, based on assumptions regarding the regulatory and environmental environment, as well as on proprietary data and publicly available information.