THE DYEING OF PAPER PULP . JULIUS ERFURT I 4 MANAGER OP A PAPER MILL TKAPiSLATBJl INTO ENGLISH AND EDITED WITH ADUITlONS BY JULIUS HBNER, F.C.S. LECTURER ON PAPERMAKING AT THE hiANCHESTER MUNICIPAL TECHKICAL SCHOOL B g3racttcaI Treatise for the Use of payermakere, ayerstafners, bents anb otbers WITH ILL LiSTKA TJONS AND 157 FA TTERrVS OF PAPERS DYRD fiV THE PULP TRANSLATED FROM THE SECOND COMPLETELY REVISED EDITION LONDON SCOTT, GREENWOOD AND CO. uBis6tte of Qcnicaf go 19 LUDGATE HILL, E.C. 1901 The sole right oluansaioninto Engish reds wdfb the abovcjrm.1 AUTHORS PREFACE. THE first edition, which has been out of print for many years, has undergone a complete revision in the present volume. The author has endeavoured to make its contents as concise as possible, and suitable for practical require- ments. For this reason a number of dyed patterns with the corresponding recipes have been added, as these are of greater value than written explanation. The use of the coal tar colours most extensively employed in paper-making is exhaustively dealt with. Special attention has been paid in this work to saving in cost of production, obtaining clear backwaters, and to the behaviour of the colouring matters towards the different kinds of fibres. JULIUS ERFURT, Director of the Czenatochau Paper Mill. Junuay, 1900. TRANSLATORS PREFACE. THE great success of the first German edition of Erfurts Faben des Papierstofs, and the fact that the new edition is the only work which is specially devoted to the dyeing of paper pulp, induced me to undertake the translation of this work into English. The addition of numerous patterns of dyed papers, illustrating the results obtained with the various colours, greatly enhances the value of the book. Twelve new patterns of papers dyed in the pulp, manufactured in England, have been embodied in the English edition. The full recipes for these as to pulp mixture, colours, etc., are given in the text. I venture to hope that the translation will not only be of service to practical paper-makers, but also to those students and mill apprentices who may not be able to follow the text of the original. I have to express my indebtedness to my friend and colleague, Dr. E. Knecht, F.I.C., for his advice and his kindness in reading the proofs. MANCHESTER, November, 1900 JULIUS HUBNER. TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. BEHAVIOUR OF THE PAPER FIBRES DURING THE PROCESS OF DYEING, THEORY OF THE MORDANT- PAOB Cotton- - - - - - - - - - 2 Flax and Hemp - - - - - - - - - 3 Esparto - - - - - - - - - - - 6 Jute - - - - - - - - - - - 7 StrawCellulose - - - - - - - - - 8 Chemical and Mechanical Wood Pulp - - - - - 8 MixedFibres- - -. - - - - - - - 10 TheoryofDyeing - - - - - - - - - 11 Alum - - - - - - . - - - - 17 Aluminium Sulphate - - - - - - - - 18 Aluminiumdcetate - - - - - - - - 19 Tin Crystals Stannous Chloride - - - - - - 19 Copperas Ferrous Sulphate - - - - - - - 20 NitrateofIronFerricSu1phate- - - - - - 22 Acetate of Iron Pyrolignite of Iron - - - - - 24 ActionofTannicAcid - - - - - - - - 25 Importance of Materials containing Tannin - - - - 26 Treatment with Tannic Acid of Paper Pulp intended for Dyeing- - - - - - - - - - - 26 Bluestone Copper Sulphate - - - - - - - 27 PotassiumBichromate - - - - - - - - 28 SodiurnBichromate - - - - - - - - 29 Chalk Calcium Carbonate - - - - - - - 29 Soda Crystals Sodium Carbonate - - - - - 29 Antimony Potassium Tartrate Tartar Emetic - - - 29 X CONTENTS. PAGE il1anganeseBronze- - - - - - - - 31 Chrome Yellow Chromate of Lead - - - - 35 Chrome Orange Basic Chromate of Lead - - - 37 ItedLead- - - - ...