The identity of Shakespeare, the most important poet and dramatist in the English language, has been debated for centuries. This historical work investigates the role of Edward De Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford, establishing him as the mostly likely candidate for authorship of Shakespeare's literary oeuvre. Topics include an historical overview of English literature from 1530 through 1575, major contemporary transitions in the theatre, and an examination of Oxford's life and the events leading to his literary prominence. The sonnets, his early poetry, juvenile pre-Shakespeare plays, and his acting career are of particular interest. An appendix examines the role of the historical William Shakespeare and how he became associated with Oxford's work.