This study is the first to examine systematically the economic foundations of Soviet shipping policy. It describes the increase in the merchant fleet of the USSR since the early 1950s and assesses the extent to which the heavy commitment of resources to this program has been worthwhile from the standpoint of economic efficiency. Originally published 1971. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.