The first section provides an overview of global soybean diseases and their economic significance. It pieces together the existing evidence on the incidence and severity of such diseases and discusses the available management techniques, both existing and emerging. Attention then shifts to farm-level decision making where the potential economic payoffs of alternative disease practices and key uncertainties on the need and benefits for such practices will be discussed in detail. Adoption of new technologies is discussed along with what potential market-level impacts might be. Extensive empirical case studies are provided where strategies for economically optimal management of soybean seedling disease and soybean root rots are detailed. The last section provides a global economic model that evaluates the potential economic benefits of soybean disease and their distribution and draws conclusions.