The Enzymes of Biological Membranes de A.N. Martonosi

The Enzymes of Biological Membranes: Volume 1 Membrane Structure and Dynamics

A.N. Martonosi

en Limba Engleză Paperback – 15 iul 2012

In the first edition of The Enzymes of Biological Membranes, published in four volumes in 1976, we collected the mass of widely scattered information on membrane-linked enzymes and metabolic processes up to about 1975. This was a period of transition from the romantic phase of membrane biochemistry, preoccupied with conceptual developments and the general properties of membranes, to an era of mounting interest in the specific properties of membrane-linked enzymes analyzed from the viewpoints of modem enzymology. The level of sophistication in various areas of membrane research varied widely; the structures of cytochrome c and cytochrome b5 were known to atomic detail, while the majority of membrane-linked enzymes had not even been isolated. In the intervening eight years our knowledge of membrane-linked enzymes ex panded beyond the wildest expectations. The purpose of the second edition of The Enzymes of Biological Membranes is to record these developments. The first volume describes the physical and chemical techniques used in the analysis of the structure and dynamics of biological membranes. In the second volume the enzymes and met abolic systems that participate in the biosynthesis of cell and membrane components are discussed. The third and fourth volumes review recent developments in active transport, oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis.

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Cuprins

of Volume 1.- 1. Electron Microscopy of Biological Membranes.- I. Introduction.- II. Methods Used for Studying Biological Membranes in the Electron Microscope.- References.- 2. Associations of Cytoskeletal Proteins with Plasma Membranes.- I. Introduction.- II. The Components of the Cytoskeleton.- III. Cytoskeletal Functions.- IV. The Erythrocyte Membrane Skeleton: A Completely Membrane Associated Cytoskeleton.- V. Cytoskeletal Involvement in Cell—Substratum Associations.- VI. Cytoskeletal—Membrane Interactions in Microvilli of the Intestinal Brush Border.- VII. Membrane-Associated Cytoskeletal Elements and the Control of Cell Surface Receptor Dynamics.- VIII. Summary.- References.- 3. Cell Coupling.- I. Introduction.- II. Which Molecules Diffuse from Cell to Cell.- III. How Molecules Diffuse for Cell-to-Cell.- IV. How Cell-to-Cell Diffusion of Molecules is Regulated.- References.- 4. Lipid Polymorphism and Membrane function.- I. Introduction.- II. Membrane Lipid Polymorphism: Technical Aspects.- III. Phase Preferences of Membrane Lipids.- IV. The Hexagonal HII Phase.- V. Modulation of Membrane Lipid Polymorphism.- VI. “Isotropic” Lipid Structures and Lipid Particles.- VII. The Shape Concept, a Rationale for Lipid Polymorphism.- VIII. Functional Aspects of Lipid Polymorphism.- IX. Lipid Structure in Biological Membranes.- X. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 5. Intrinsic Protein-Lipid Interactions in Biomembranes.- I. Introduction.- II. Properties of Biomembrane Components.- III. Lipid Composition and Enzyme Activity.- IV. Specificity of Protein-Lipid Interactions.- V. Distribution of Proteins in Membranes.- VI. Perturbation of Lipid Dynamics by Intrinisic Proteins.- VII. The Effect of Protein on Lipid Conformation.- VIII. The Influence of Lipids on ProteinConformation.- IX. Diffusion of Membrane Components.- X. Summary.- References.- 6. On the Molecular Structure of the Gramicidin Transmembrane Channel.- I. Introduction.- II. Planar Lipid Bilayer Transport Studies.- III. Spectroscopic Characterization of the Lipid Incorporated Channel State.- References.- 7. Conventional ESR Spectroscopy of Membrane Proteins: Recent Applications.- I. Introduction.- II. The Time Scale of Phospholipid Exchange at the Boundary of Non Aggregated Intrinsic Proteins.- III. Lipids Trapped between Protein Aggregates or Protein Oligomers.- IV. Specificity of Lipid—Protein Interactions as Investigated with Spin Labels.- V. Interactions between Extrinsic Proteins and Lipids.- VI. Other Applications of Conventional ESR Spectroscopy to the Investigation of Membrane-Bound Enzymes.- References.- 8. Saturation Transfer EPR Studies of Microsecond Rotational Motions in Biological Membranes.- I. Introduction.- II. ST-EPR Methodology.- III. Membrane-Bound Enzymes.- IV. Other Membrane Proteins.- V. Lipid Probes.- VI. Summary.- References.- 9. Dye Probes of Cell, Organelle, and Vesicle Membrane Potentials.- I. Introduction.- II. Types of Potential Sensitive Dyes.- III. Slow Dyes.- IV. Fast Dyes.- References.- 10. Selective Covalent Modification of Membrane Components.- I. Introduction.- II. Covalent Modification of Lipid Components.- III. Selective Covalent Modification of Protein Components.- IV. Information Acquired through Selective Modification.- References.- 11. Calcium Ions, Enzymes, and Cell Fusion.- I. Introduction.- II. The Fusion of Myoblasts.- III. General Hypotheses: Ca2+, Phospholipids and Membrane Fusion.- IV. Cell Fusion and Vesicle Fusion without Ca2+.- V. Concluding Comments.- References.- 12. Role of Membrane Fluidity in the Expression ofBiological Functions.- I. Introduction.- II. Meaning and Measurement of Membrane Fluidity.- III. Factors that Influence Membrane Fluidity.- IV. Mechanisms by which Membrane Fluidity Influences Membrane Functions.- V. Role of Membrane Fluidity in Some Membrane Functions.- References.- 13. Rotational Diffusion of Membrane Proteins: Optical Methods.- I. Historical Background.- II. Physical Model for Rotational Diffusion of a Membrane Protein.- III. Physical Principles of Photoselection.- IV. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Probes.- V. Time-Resolved and Steady-State Methods.- VI. Linear Dichroism.- VII. Delayed Fluorescence.- VIII. Phosphorescence.- IX. Fluorescence Depletion.- X. Applications.- XI. Prospects.- References.