This first comparative study of writers who fled from both the Nazi and Communist dictatorships in East-Central Europe includes interpretations of individual trajectories, literary works, and exile literary cultures. A historical and theoretical introduction provides an overview of the events and studies exile cultures from Paris, London, and New York to Moscow, Toronto, and Buenos Aires. Interpretations of select writers are complemented by studies of the main exile journals, publishers, and associations. Special attention is devoted to the problems of “homecoming.”