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The Forensic Analysis, Comparison and Evaluation of Friction Ridge Skin Impressions de DG Perkins

The Forensic Analysis, Comparison and Evaluation of Friction Ridge Skin Impressions

Autor DG Perkins
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 24 aug 2022
An accessible, highly practical introduction to the ACE framework Fingerprint Examiners use to analyse, compare and evaluate friction ridge skin impressions.

When friction ridge skin (the skin on the undersides of the hands and feet) contacts a surface an impression of it may be left behind. Impressions that are left inadvertently, for example at a scene where a crime is alleged to have been committed are known as 'marks'. Impressions taken intentionally from a person, for example as a result of their arrest are known as 'prints'.

The Forensic Analysis, Comparison and Evaluation of Friction Ridge Skin Impressions offers step-by-step instruction to examiners tasked with identifying people by the marks they leave behind. Assuming no previous knowledge of the subject, this easy-to-use guide breaks down the ACE (Analysis, Comparison and Evaluation) framework into 10 key questions that provide clear guidance on: establishing the most evidentially valuable mark; the type of details the mark may reveal; the effects of distortion; how to determine which area of skin is most likely to have made the mark, and more. Author Dan Perkins draws upon his years of experience to equip fingerprint examiners with the key skills needed to carry out the appropriate analysis, comparison and evaluation of friction ridge skin impressions.

  • Presents a stepwise approach designed for both novice and more experienced fingerprint examiners
  • Discusses all aspects of ACE, including the formation of fingerprints, documentation, suitability, and orientation
  • Contains references to relevant research, real-world case studies, and hundreds of fingerprints the reader can analyse and compare
  • Includes five detailed appendices covering fabrication, transplantation and forgery, verification, bias, activity level propositions, and errors

The Forensic Analysis, Comparison and Evaluation of Friction Ridge Skin Impressions is an indispensable ACE 'checklist' for trainees in the field of fingerprint comparison and identification, qualified fingerprint examiners and forensic science students.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781119230892
ISBN-10: 1119230896
Pagini: 320
Dimensiuni: 179 x 264 x 21 mm
Greutate: 0.83 kg
Editura: Wiley
Locul publicării:Chichester, United Kingdom

Descriere

An accessible, highly practical introduction to the ACE framework Fingerprint Examiners use to analyse, compare and evaluate friction ridge skin impressions.

When friction ridge skin (the skin on the undersides of the hands and feet) contacts a surface an impression of it may be left behind. Impressions that are left inadvertently, for example at a scene where a crime is alleged to have been committed are known as 'marks'. Impressions taken intentionally from a person, for example as a result of their arrest are known as 'prints'.

The Forensic Analysis, Comparison and Evaluation of Friction Ridge Skin Impressions offers step-by-step instruction to examiners tasked with identifying people by the marks they leave behind. Assuming no previous knowledge of the subject, this easy-to-use guide breaks down the ACE (Analysis, Comparison and Evaluation) framework into 10 key questions that provide clear guidance on: establishing the most evidentially valuable mark; the type of details the mark may reveal; the effects of distortion; how to determine which area of skin is most likely to have made the mark, and more. Author Dan Perkins draws upon his years of experience to equip fingerprint examiners with the key skills needed to carry out the appropriate analysis, comparison and evaluation of friction ridge skin impressions.

  • Presents a stepwise approach designed for both novice and more experienced fingerprint examiners
  • Discusses all aspects of ACE, including the formation of fingerprints, documentation, suitability, and orientation
  • Contains references to relevant research, real-world case studies, and hundreds of fingerprints the reader can analyse and compare
  • Includes five detailed appendices covering fabrication, transplantation and forgery, verification, bias, activity level propositions, and errors

The Forensic Analysis, Comparison and Evaluation of Friction Ridge Skin Impressions is an indispensable ACE 'checklist' for trainees in the field of fingerprint comparison and identification, qualified fingerprint examiners and forensic science students.

Notă biografică

Dan Perkins is a Senior Reporting Fingerprint Examiner and has been involved in fingerprint identification for over 20 years. Dan has held various other roles including Deputy Head of the Forensic Faculty and Fingerprint Training & Development Manager. He holds a Diploma in Forensic Human Identification (DipFHID) from the Royal College of Physicians.

Cuprins

Acknowledgements xi Introduction 1 References 2 Part I Analysis Stage 5 1 Does the Mark Have Evidential Value? 7 1.1 Continuity and Integrity 7 1.2 The Most Evidentially Valuable Mark 11 References 12 2 Does the Mark Require Enhancement? 13 3 What Details Does the Mark Reveal? 15 3.1 Persistence and Uniqueness 15 3.2 Documentation 16 3.3 Complex Marks 17 3.4 First-Level Detail 21 3.5 Second-Level Detail 34 3.6 Third-Level Detail 44 3.7 Creases, Subsidiary Ridges and Scars 50 3.8 Abnormalities 60 References 61 4 Are the Details in the Mark Likely to Appear Similarly in a Print Made by the Same Area of Skin? 67 4.1 Downward Pressure 68 4.2 Movement 71 4.3 Superimposition 76 4.4 Colour Reversal 79 4.5 Direction Reversal 83 4.6 The Surface the Mark Was On 87 4.7 The Material the Mark Was Made In 91 4.8 The Media Used to Develop the Mark 92 4.9 Changes to the Skin 93 References 95 5 Is the Mark Suitable? 99 References 105 6 What Is the Most Likely Orientation of the Mark? 107 6.1 Shape and Ridge Flow 107 6.2 Pattern Family 108 6.3 Distal Flexion Crease 108 6.4 Other Marks 109 6.5 The Surface the Mark Was Found on 109 6.6 Summary 109 Reference 110 7 Which Area of Skin Is Most Likely to Have Made the Mark? 111 7.1 The Surface the Mark Was Found On 111 7.2 Other Marks 112 7.3 Lone Marks 119 7.4 The Part of the Digit That Made the Mark 122 7.5 The Pattern 124 7.6 Summary of Digit Determination 133 7.7 Palm Marks 134 7.8 Medial and Proximal Phalange Marks 150 7.9 Plantar Marks 152 7.10 Toe Marks 158 References 160 8 What Details Does the Print Reveal, and Are They Likely to Be a Reliable Record of the Details on the Skin of the Donor? 163 8.1 Sets of Fingerprints 163 8.2 The Details in the Print 166 8.3 The Reliability of the Details 168 References 171 Part II Comparison 173 9 Are the Details in the Mark in Agreement or Disagreement with Those in the Print? 175 9.1 First-Level Detail 176 9.2 Second-Level Detail 177 9.3 Third-Level Detail 180 9.4 Creases, Subsidiary Ridges and Scars 181 References 183 Part III Evaluation 185 10 Which Conclusion Is Supported by the Observations in the Analysis and Comparison? 187 10.1 Exclusion 190 10.2 Identification 196 10.3 Inconclusive 207 References 210 Appendices 215 Appendix 1 Fabrication, Transplantation and Forgery 215 A.1 Fabrication 215 A.2 Transplantation 219 A.3 Forgery 222 References 227 Appendix 2 Verification 229 A2.1 Open Verification 229 A2.2 Blind Verification 231 A2.3 The Use of Verification 232 A2.4 Technical Review 232 References 233 Appendix 3 Bias 235 A3.1 Contextual Information 235 A3.2 Experience 237 A3.3 Motivation 237 A3.4 How Bias Can Affect Decision Making 238 A3.5 Minimising the Effects of Bias 239 References 240 Appendix 4 Activity Level Propositions 243 A4.1 How Long Has the Mark Been on the Surface? 244 A4.2 What Were the Circumstances at the Time the Mark Was Made? 260 A4.3 Blood Marks 264 References 267 Appendix 5 Errors 273 A5.1 Clerical Errors 273 A5.2 Technical Errors 273 A5.3 Error Rates 284 References 300 Index 303