France, taking advantage of the freedom given to it by the European Union, established a credit monopoly for the benefit of French banking institutions. The consequence of this regulation was a distortion of competition to the detriment of other countries, which prevented the internal market from being completed in its banking and financial dimension. The European Union has tolerated this situation for many years. However, the need to finance economic actors and the desire to complete the internal market have led to a liberalization of credit sources supported by the Union and leading to a progressive fragmentation of the French banking monopoly.