How do we ensure information security for a computer that is entangled with the neural processes of a human mind - and for the human mind that is interconnected with such a device? This volume is the first book to study this issue from theoretical and practical perspectives. It provides an introduction to the current state of neuroprosthetics and expected future trends, along with an introduction to information security and an analysis of why the field must be re-envisioned to address the challenges posed by advanced neuroprosthetics. A device ontology is formulated, and a cognitional security framework is developed to aid in protecting a device's human host in his or her roles as a sapient metavolitional agent, embodied embedded organism, and social and economic actor. Consideration is given to InfoSec responsibilities and security controls, and a biocybernetic model is developed for classifying neuroprosthetic devices according to their participation in the neural activity of their human hosts.